发布时间 : 星期六 文章111111名词性从句精讲精析更新完毕开始阅读f72d56e5a417866fb84a8e95
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性 质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
五、
Whoever/whomever/whatever/whichever引导名词性从句或让步状语从句。 no matter who/whom/what/which 引导让步状语从句。 Whenever/wherever/however =no matter when/where/how
whatever=anything that whoever=anyone who
whichever=anyone/anything that wherever=any place where whenever=any time when
Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 无论谁违法都将受到惩罚。 Whatever he does is reasonable. 他做的任何事都是合理的
You can take whichever book you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的任何书。
Whatever your problems are, you mustn’t lose heart.(=no matter what) Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.=no matter when
However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.=no matter how
① The how to book can be of help to _______ wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
② ______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever ① D。② D。 六、主谓一致
What he said and what he did have nothing to do with me. What he said has nothing to do with me.
What we want urgently are some grammar books. What they need is just rest.
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七、对比用法： 连词 that 能够引导的从句 定语从句 主、宾、表、同位语从句 定语从句 主、宾、表、同位语从句 主、宾、表、同位语从句 定语从句 主、宾、表、同位语从句 定语从句 主、宾、表、同位语从句 从句中的成分 主、宾、表 不做成分 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 定语 主语、宾语、表语、定语 主、宾、 主、宾、表 宾 宾 词意 =先行词的意思 无词意 =先行词的意思 哪个、哪些（有范围） 是否可以省略 在从句中充当宾语可省 宾语从句可省略 在从句中做宾语一般可省 不可省略 which which what who who whom whom 所….的（人、物、不可省略 时间、地点）（无范围） =先行词 在从句中充当宾语可省 谁 不省 =先行词 谁 可省 不省
what引导名词性从句的五种用法
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1. 表示“??的东西或事情”：
They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。 2. 表示“??的人或的样子”：
He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？ 3. 表示“??的数量或数目”：
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。
The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“??的时间”：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 5. 表示“??的地方”：
This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 用法说明
(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词： 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 误：You can have everything what you like.
(2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词： I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。
He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词： 误：I gave him what book I had.
(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如：
I spent what time I had with her. 我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her. 我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。
八、虚拟
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1. It is +adj./n./p.p.+主语从句….(should )do/be done…… ① 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful. ② 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested. 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame. It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities. It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited. It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer. 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ① wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿?就好了），其形式主要有三种： 表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形 I wish it were spring all year round. I wish it would be fine tomorrow. She wished she had stayed at home. ② 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request. The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time. P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life. 3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order. He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained. His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits. 4.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。 主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生） 主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生） 主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前） He talks as if he knew all about it.
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She speaks English well as if he had studied in America. He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad. 5.It is (high) time that …should do/ did…表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。 It is time that we went/should go home.
注意:This is the first time that I have been here.
6. Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反） Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反） I’d rather he didn’t go now. I’d rather you hadn’t done it.
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