发布时间 : 星期一 文章全国各地2018-2019年高考英语试题分类汇编：名词（含解析）更新完毕开始阅读dd183883a31614791711cc7931b765ce05087ae6
〖解析〗coal, gas and oil均为 “燃料(fuels)”。
〖09安徽〗China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.
A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。 〖解析〗
〖09福建〗The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.
A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁, 延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑, 体谅；关心。题干意思是：当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。
〖09湖北〗Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building. A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character 〖答案〗D.
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。 〖09湖北〗In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.
A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。 〖解析〗根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。
〖09江西〗The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.
A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’ K5u 〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词所有格。
〖解析〗名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易
〖09海南〗Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard. A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤, 逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 应选D。 〖09山东〗-------He says that my new car is a ____________ of money. -------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack B. load C. question D. waste 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。
〖09陕西〗Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗名词词义辨析；stage：舞台, 时期, 阶段；position：位置；condition：条件, 情况；situation：形式, 情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是：从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。
〖09天津〗I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late . A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure
〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。tradition传统, 常规；convenience方便；leisure休闲时间, 闲暇。 〖解析〗
〖09浙江〗The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.
A. access B. passage C. way D. approach 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗句意：新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give...access to...是固定词组, 表示 “能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A
〖10安徽〗I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______ A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure 〖答案〗C
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗hearing意为 “听力”；strength意为 “力气；力量”； recognition意为 “认出；识别；认识”； measure意为 “测量；措施”。句意为 “……她变得认不出来了。”
〖10江西〗Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.
A average B number C amount D quantity 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查名词。
〖解析〗a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。
〖10山东〗Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine. A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。 〖解析〗句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”；defense 表示 “防御, 防护”； shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。
〖10天津〗James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television. A. room B. area C. field D. position 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗考查名词意义和用法。
〖解析〗句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为……让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。 〖10江苏〗The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.
A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗名词辨析。
〖解析〗reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。
〖10湖北〗This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
A. division B. area C. range D. circle 〖答案〗B
〖考点〗本题考查名词/名词短语。
〖解析〗此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。
〖〗After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.
A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture. 〖答案〗D
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”；“furniture”表示 “家具”；“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D了。
〖10浙江〗The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function 〖答案〗A
〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。
〖解析〗分析四个选项：solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。
【2018江苏卷,27】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional _____.
A．consequence B．independence C．competence D．intelligence 【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。 【解析】句意为 “教师要不断地更新他们的知识以便保持专业上的称职。”consequence后果，结果；independence独立；competence能力，胜任，称职；intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力。根据句意选C。
【2018福建卷,26】The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.
A.result B.cause C.warning D.reflection 【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“公众缺乏对生态环境友好的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的主要原因。”result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。cause与global climate change存在着因果关系，故选B。 【2018浙江卷,18】Anyway, I can’t cheat him—it’s against all my ____. A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions 【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。 【解析】句意为“不管怎样，我不能欺骗他—这违反我的原则。”emotion情绪；principle原则，准则；regulation规定，规则；opinions意见。根据句意选B。
【2018四川卷,13】Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s .
A.touch B.sight C.reach D.distance 【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“时刻记住：这些危险物品，比如刀子，要放在孩子们够不着的地方。”out of touch不联系，不接触；out of sight看不见, 在视野之外；out of reach手够不着, 达不到；out of distance远离=far away。根据前面的交代的危险品，选C。 【2018湖北卷,21】“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voice.
A . anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic 【答案】D
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂这明显的惊慌。”anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔；panic惊慌，慌乱。根据句意选D。
【2018湖北卷,22】Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment C. competition D. ambition 【答案】B
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“当初放弃我的工作重新接受全日制的教育是个了不起的决定，现在我知道那是我作出的最好的决定。”project项目, 计划, 方案, 课题；commitment 承诺，许诺，保证；competition比赛，竞争；ambition抱负，雄心，野心。commitment与后面的decision相呼应，故选B。
【2018湖北卷,30】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside _________ younger men.
A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 【答案】C
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“当被问到对于校长的看法时，许多老师都愿意看到他靠边站为更年轻的人让路。”in terms of就而论；in need of需要；in favor of赞成；in praise of表扬，赞扬。
【2018江西卷31】What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
A.sympathy B.theme C.object D.point 【答案】D
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。
【2018山东卷,34】There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition B. balance C. concern D. relationship 【答案】A
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“我们办公室有个传统:轮到某个人的生日时，他就带蛋糕来与大家分享。”tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系，联系。句中somebody 与they相照应，说明不止一次，因此用tradition作答案。
【2018江苏卷,32】We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan. A．in detail B．in general C．on purpose D．on time 【答案】A
【考点】考查名词的辨义。
【解析】句意为“我们最好先详细地讨论好一切，然后再制定计划。”in detail详细地；in general一般而言, 总的来说；on purpose故意地；on time准时。根据句意，先讨论后定计划，选A。
【2018浙江卷】7. Your how you learn.
A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character 7.【考点】名词 【答案】C
【解析】根据句意：作为一个学生，你的学习（performance）会很棒的如果你能够养成对所学的的东西进行反思的话。operation操作、手术；growth增长；character人物、角色，均不符合语境，故排除。 【难度】偏小
【2018湖北卷】29. It is important to have your eyes examined regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any ________.
as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on