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1.Adequate [??d?kw?t]:a. enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose ×ã¹»µÄ£»³ä·ÖµÄ£»ºÏºõÐèÒªµÄ
eg: People accused the governor of failing to take adequate measures which could have prevented the disaster. ÈËÃÇÖ¸Ôð¸ÃÖݳ¤¶Ô±¾À´¿ÉÒÔ±ÜÃâµÄÔÖÄÑûÓвÉÈ¡³ä·ÖµÄ´ëÊ©¡£ ¡¾´Ê¸ù¡¿equ±íʾ¡°ÏàµÈ,ƽ¾ù ¡¾Í¬Òå¡¿ enough, suff
¡¾±æÎö¡¿ÕâЩÐÎÈݴʾùº¬¡°×ã¹»µÄ,³ä×ãµÄ¡±Ö®Òâ
enough£º×îÆÕͨÓôÊ,¿ÚÓï¡¢ÊéÃæÓï¿ÉÓÃ,½Ï²àÖØ·ÖÁ¿»òÊýÁ¿µÄ×ã¹»,¶àָϣÍûµÄÂú×ã. sufficient£ºÊ½ÓôÊ,²àÖØÊýÄ¿»òÊýÁ¿»ò³Ì¶È´ïµ½Ä³Ò»Ìض¨ÒªÇó»òÐèÒª. adequate£ºÖ¸ÊýÁ¿ÉÏ×ã¹»,ÖÊÁ¿ÉÏÊʵ± adequately:ad. ×ã¹»µØ£»³ä·ÖµØ
eg: Some students are not adequately prepared for higher education. ÓеÄѧÉúûÓгä·ÖµØ×¼±¸ºÃ½ÓÊܸߵȽÌÓý¡£
¡¾´Ê¸ù¡¿ly(1)×öÐÎÈÝ´ÊÓÃ,±íʾ¡°¡µÄ¡±,ͨ³£ÔÚÃû´Êºó;(2)×ö¸±´ÊÓÃ,·ÅÔÚÐÎÈݴʺó,±íʾ¡°¡¡µØ 2.competent [?k?mp?t?nt]:a. having enough skills or knowledge to do sth. to a satisfactory standard ºÏ¸ñµÄ£»ÄܸɵÄ
eg: My secretary is perfectly competent, but she doesn¡¯t have much patience. ÎÒµÄÃØÊé·Ç³£Äܸɣ¬µ«ÊÇËýûÓжàÉÙÄÍÐÄ¡£
¡¾´Ê¸ù¡¿pet±íʾ¡°×·Çó,Ñ°Çó¡± ¡¾Í¬Òå¡¿able, capable
¡¾±æÎö¡¿capable£ºÓïÆøÈõÓÚable,Ö¸ÓÐÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÓÐDZÁ¦»òÓÐÌõ¼þ×öijÊÂ,³£ÓëofÁ¬ÓÃ
Able:×î³£ÓôÊ,¶àÓÃÓÚ°ýÒå,×ÅÖØÖ¸¶à·½ÃæµÄ¡¢¾³£ÐԵĻòDZÔÚÐÔµÄÄÜÁ¦.ÓÐʱҲָ¸ß³¬¡¢·Ç·²µÄÄÜÁ¦.
Competent: Ç¿µ÷¾ßÓÐÄÜʤÈÎijÏ×÷µÄ×ã¹»¼¼ÄÜ»òÆäËûËùÐèµÄÌõ¼þ.
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8 Since grammar is boring to most of the young students, I think that it must be handled delicately, step by step. ÒòΪÓï·¨¶Ô´ó¶àÊýÄêÇáѧÉú¶øÑÔ¿ÝÔïÇÒ·¦Î¶£¬ËùÒÔÎÒ¾õµÃ½²ÊÚÓï·¨µÃÒ»²½Ò»²½¡¢×¢Öؼ¼ÇɵؽøÐС£
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The chance came when one day I was driving with my son. As we set out on our trip, he noticed a bird in jerky flight and said, \ÓÐÒ»Ìì»ú»áÀ´ÁË¡£ÎÒ¸ú¶ù×Ó¿ª³µÍâ³ö¡£ÎÒÃdzö·¢Ê±£¬Ëû¿´µ½Ò»Ö»Ð¡Äñ·ÉµÃºÜ²»ÎÈ£¬¾Í˵£º¡°Ëü·ÉµÄ²»ÎÈ¡£¡±
[Meaning]The opportunity to teach him English came when we were both on a car heading for our trip. On seeing a bird flying unsteadily, he commented that the bird was flying\ Jerk [d??:k]:n.[C] a sudden quick movement Ã͵ÄÒ»¶¯£»â§È»Ò»¶¯
eg: The old bus started with a jerk, so the passengers shook all of a sudden. ÄÇÁ¾¾ÉµÄ¹«¹²Æû³µÃ͵ØÒ»¶¯£¬³µÉϵij˿Ͷ¼Í»È»Ò¡»ÎÁËһϡ£
He indicated the bedroom with a jerk of his head.ËûŤͷָÁËÖ¸ÎÔÊҵķ½Ïò ¡¾´îÅä¡¿ jerk someone around(±±ÃÀ,·ÇÕýʽ)²»³Ïʵ(»ò²»¹«Æ½)µØ¶Ô´ý(ijÈË) ¡¾Í¬Òå¡¿drag,draw,pull,haul,tug, tow ¡¾±æÎö¡¿ÕâЩ¶¯´Ê¶¼ÓС°ÍÏ,À¡±Ö®Òâ
drag:Ö¸ÑØбƶøÉÏ»òˮƽ·½Ïò»ºÂýµØÍÏ»òÀÊ®·Ö³ÁÖصÄÈË»òÎï.ÔÚ½èÓ÷ÖÐʹÓÃʱ¿ÉÖ¸°ÑÈËÓ² À³¶¹ýÀ´.
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draw:Ö¸½«ÈË»òÎﳯ³öÁ¦Õߵķ½ÏòÍÏ,²»Éæ¼°Á¦µÄ´óС,º¬ÓÐƽÎÈÒâζ,³£ÔÚ½èÓ÷ÖÐʹÓÃ.
pull×îÆÕͨÓôÊ,°üº¬±¾×éÆäËû¸÷´ÊµÄһЩÒâ˼,¿ÉÖ¸³¯¸÷¸ö·½ÏòÀ,²àÖØһʱ»òͻȻÀ¶¯µÄ ¶¯×÷
haul:Ö¸ÓÃÁ¦ÍÏ»òÀ,²»Éæ¼°·½Ïò,¶à×÷Ϊº½º£ÓôÊ.
tug:¶àÖ¸Ò»ÕóÕóµØÓÃÁ¦ÍÏ»òÀ,µ«²»Ò»¶¨Ê¹±»ÀµÄÈË»òÎïÒƶ¯
tow:ÌØÖ¸ÓÃÉþ×Ó»òÁ´ÌõµÈÍÏ»òÀ±¾ÉíÎÞ¶¯Á¦»òÎÞ·¨Ê¹ÓÃ×ÔÉí¶¯Á¦µÄ¶«Î÷. jerkÖ¸¿ì¶øͻȻµØÀ
jerky:a.moving roughly with many starts and stops £¨ÔÚÐнøÖУ©²»Æ½Îȵģ¬µßô¤µÄ
eg: After the bus came to a jerky halt, the passengers got off the bus hurriedly. ¹«¹²Æû³µµßô¤×ÅÍ£ÏÂÀ´ÒԺ󣬳˿ÍÃǶ¼´ÒæϳµÁË¡£
Mr Griffin made a jerky gesture.¸ñÀï·ÒÏÈÉú¼±´Ò´ÒµØ×öÁ˸öÊÖÊÆ ¡¾´îÅä¡¿ Beef jerkyÅ£Èâ¸É
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I carefully asked, \son, how is the bird flying?\\wrong? Did I say anything incorrectly?\ÎÒСÐÄÒíÒíµØÎÊ£º¡°¶ù×Ó£¬ ÄñÔõô·É?¡±¡°ÓÐÎÊÌâÂð£¿ÎÒ˵µÃ²»¶ÔÂ𣿡±
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He got lost. \Therefore, it's flying so unsteadily but not so unsteady.\ËûһͷÎíË®¡£¡°Ì«ºÃÁË£¬Äã˵µÄÊÇincorrectly¶ø²»ÊÇincorrect¡£ÎÒÃÇÓø±´ÊÀ´ÃèÊö¶¯´Ê¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÒªÓÃunsteadilyÀ´ÃèÊöÄñ·É £¬¶ø²»ÊÇunsteady¡£¡±
get/feel/be lost: be unable to understand sth. because it is new, difficult, complicated, etc. ÃÔ㯣»À§»ó£»²»ÖªËù´ë
eg: When you read faster, your comprehension goes up because instead of getting lost in the words, you see the general picture. µ±Äã¿ìËÙÔĶÁµÄʱºò£¬Àí½âÁ¦»áÉÏÉý£¬ÒòΪÄã¿´µ½µÄÊÇÒ»¸öÕûÌå»Ã棬¶øûÓоÐÄàÓÚµ¥¸ö´Ê»ã¡£
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9 Curious about my correction, he asked me what an adverb was. Ëû¶ÔÎҵľÀÕýºÜºÃÆ棬¾ÍÎÊÎÒʲôÊǸ±´Ê¡£
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Slowly, I said, \ÎÒÂýÂý½âÊ͵À£º¡°¸±´ÊÊÇÓÃÀ´ÐÞÊζ¯´ÊµÄ´Ê¡£¡±
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It led to his asking me what a verb was. ÕâÓÖµ¼ÖÂÁËËûѯÎÊÎÒʲôÊǶ¯´Ê¡£
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I explained, \are action words; for example, Dad drives the truck. Drive is the verb because it's the thing Dad is doing.\ÎÒ½âÊÍ˵£º¡°¶¯´ÊÊDZíʾÐÐΪµÄ´Ê£¬ÀýÈ磺°Ö°Ö¿ª¿¨³µ¡£¡®¿ª¡¯ÊǶ¯´Ê£¬ÒòΪËüÊÇ°Ö°ÖÔÚ×öµÄÊ¡£¡±
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10 He became attracted to the idea of action words, so we listed a few more: fly, swim, dive, run. Ëû¿ªÊ¼¶Ô±íʾÐÐΪµÄ´Ê²úÉúÐËȤ£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇÓÖÂÞÁÐÁ˼¸¸ö¶¯´Ê£º¡°·ÉÐС±¡¢¡°ÓÎÓ¾¡±¡¢¡°ÌøË®¡±¡¢¡°Åܲ½¡±¡£
become/be attracted to sth.: become/be interested in sth. ¶ÔijÊÂ/Îï²úÉúÐËȤ
eg: More people would be attracted to cycling if conditions were right.Èç¹ûÌìÆøÊÊÒË,»áÓиü¶àµÄÈ˱»ÎüÒýµ½Æï×ÔÐгµµÄÐÐÁÐÖÐÀ´.
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Then, out of his own curiosity, he asked me if other words had names for their use and functions.È»ºó£¬ËûÓÖºÃÆæµØÎÊÎÒ£¬ÆäËûµÄ´ÊÓÐûÓÐ˵Ã÷ËüÃǵÄÓ÷¨ºÍ¹¦ÄܵÄÃû³Æ¡£
[Meaning]After that, because of his curiosity, he asked me if other words also had specific names for their use and the roles they play.
1.out of curiosity: because of curiosity ³öÓÚºÃÆæ
eg: She decided to follow him out of curiosity. ³öÓÚºÃÆ棬Ëý¾ö¶¨¸ú×ÙËû¡£
Out of curiosity, he pulled down the handle of the fire alarm.³öÓÚºÃÆæ,Ëû°Ñ»ð¾¯Æ÷µÄÊÖ°ÑÀÁËÏÂÀ´.
2.function: n. [C, U] the purpose that sth. has, or the job that sb. or sth. does £¨ÊÂÎïµÄ£©¹¦ÄÜ£¬×÷Ó㻣¨Ä³È˵ģ©Ö°Ôð
eg: One of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with their places in society.½ÌÓýµÄÖ÷ÒªÖ°ÄÜÖ®Ò»ÊÇ°ïÖúδÀ´µÄ¹«ÃñÔÚÉç»áÉÏÕÒµ½×Ô¼ºµÄλÖá£
His function is vital to the accomplishment of the agency' s mission.ÒªÍê³É¸Ã»ú¹¹µÄʹÃü,ËûµÄ×÷Óà ÖÁ¹ØÖØÒª.
vi. work or operate in the correct way Õý³£¹¤×÷£»Õý³£ÔËת
eg: If the Internet stopped functioning, the consequent losses could be measured in tens of billions of
dollars. Èç¹ûÒòÌØÍøÍ£Ö¹ÔË×÷£¬Óɴ˲úÉúµÄËðʧ¿ÉÓÃÊý°ÙÒÚÃÀÔªÀ´ºâÁ¿¡£
The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally.µ±¾Ö³Æ¸Ã¼àÓüÏÖÔÚÔÚÕý³£ÔËת. ¡¾Í¬Òå¡¿duty, obligation, responsibility
¡¾±æÎö¡¿ÕâЩÃû´Ê¶¼ÓС°ÒåÎñ¡±»ò¡°Ö°Ôð¡±Ö®Òâ
duy:Ö¸°´µÀµÂºÍ·¨Âɵıê×¼,Ò»¸öÈËÓÀÔ¶Òª¾¡µÄÒåÎñ,Ç¿µ÷×Ô¾õÐÔ.
obligation:Ö¸µÀÒåÉÏ»ò·¨ÂÉÉ϶ÔËûÈ˵ÄÒåÎñ,Ç¿µ÷Ç¿ÖÆÐÔ.Ò²Ö¸Òò×ö³ö³Ðŵ¶ø±»ÆÈÂÄÐеÄijÖÖÒåÎñ.
responsibility:Ö¸ÈκÎÒåÎñ¡¢Ö°Ôð¡¢ÔðÈλòÖ°ÎñÉÏËù¾¡µÄ±¾·Ö,Ç¿µ÷¶ÔËûÈ˵ÄÔðÈÎ. function:Ö¸ÒòÖ°Îñ»òÖ°Òµ¹ØϵȥÂÄÐÐijÖÖÖ°Ôð.
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This led to a discussion of nouns, adjectives, and articles. Õâ¾ÍÒý·¢ÁËÎÒÃǶÔÃû´Ê¡¢ÐÎÈݴʺ͹ڴʵÄÌÖÂÛ¡£
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Within the span of a 10-minute drive, he had learned from scratch to the major parts of speech in a sentence. Ôڶ̶ÌÊ®·ÖÖӵļÝʻʱ¼äÄÚ£¬Ëû´Ó¶ÔÓï·¨Ò»ÎÞËùÖªµ½Ñ§»áÁ˾ä×ÓÖÐÖ÷Òª´ÊÓïµÄ´ÊÐÔ¡£
[ Meaning] Within 10 minutes riding in the car with me, he had learned from zero to understanding the main parts of speech in a sentence. Learning grammar is interesting rather than painful or boring!
1.span [sp?n]: n. [C] a period of time between two dates or events £¨Á½¸öÈÕÆÚ»òʼþÖ®¼äµÄ£©Ê±¾à£¬ÆÚ¼ä
eg: Property gained within the span of marriage such as salary is considered jointly owned property. »éÒö´æÐøÆÚ¼ä»ñµÃµÄ²Æ²ú£¬È繤×Ê£¬¶¼ÊÓΪ·òÆÞ¹²Í¬²Æ²ú¡£
The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. ÃÀ¹úÈ˵Äƽ¾ùÊÙÃüÏÖÔÚ³¬¹ýÁË74Äê¡£
They have extended the potential life span of humanity everywhere.ÊÀ½ç¸÷µØÈËÀàµÄÔ¤ÆÚÊÙÃü¾ùÓÐËùÑÓ³¤.
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¡¾Í¬Òå¡¿ distance, measure, reach, stretch, expanse, extent
2.scratch: n. [C] 1)(from ~) from a point where nothing has been there, so you have to do everything yourself ´ÓÁ㿪ʼ£»´ÓÍ·¿ªÊ¼£»°×ÊÖÆð¼Ò
eg: It may be the first time in years when you have had to start from scratch making new friends. Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǶàÄêÀ´µÄµÚÒ»´ÎÄã²»µÃ²»´ÓÍ·¿ªÊ¼½á½»ÐÂÅóÓÑ¡£
2) a thin mark or cut on the surface of sth. or on sb.¡¯s skin £¨Îï¼þ»òƤ·ôÉϵģ©¹ÎºÛ£¬»®ºÛ eg: The scratch on the watch was almost too minute to see. ÊÖ±íÉϵĻ®ºÛ¼¸ºõСµÃ¿´²»¼û¡£ Don' t be a baby and cry over that little scratch.±ðÄÇôº¢×ÓÆø,²ÁÆƵãƤ¾Í¿Þ¸ö²»Í£. ¡¾´îÅä¡¿ scratch one' s headڤ˼¿àÏëÎÊÌâµÄ½â´ð
scratch the surfacedz³¢;´¥¼°±íÃæ
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It was painless learning and great fun!ÕâÊÇÒ»´ÎºÁÎÞÍ´¿à¶øÓַdz£ÓÐȤµÄѧϰ¾Àú¡£
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11 Perhaps, language should be looked upon as a road map and a valuable possession: often study the road map (check grammar) and tune up the car engine (adjust vocabulary). Ò²Ðí£¬ÓïÑÔÓ¦¸Ã±»¿´³ÉÊÇÒ»ÕÅ·ÏßͼºÍÒ»¼þÕäÆ·£ºÎÒÃÇÒª³£³£²é¿´Â·Ïßͼ£¨ºË¶ÔÓï·¨£©ºÍµ÷ÕûÆû³µµÄÒýÇ棨µ÷½Ú´Ê»ã£©¡£
1.look upon sb./sth. as: consider sb. or sth. in a particular way, or as a particular thing °ÑijÈË/ijÎï¿´×÷
eg: We look upon you as belonging to the family.ÎÒÃÇ°ÑÄãµ±×÷¼ÒÈË.
We had established a general opinion which looked upon corruption in public office as a threat to society. ÎÒÃÇ´ï³ÉÁËÒ»¸ö¹²Ê¶£º°Ñ¹«Ö°¸¯°ÜÊÓΪ¶ÔÉç»áµÄÍþв¡£
We should learn to be caring and considerate and look upon everyone in the world as our brothers and sisters. ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ãѧ»á¹ØÐÄÌåÌù, °ÑÊÀ½çÉϵÄÿ¸öÈ˶¼¿´×÷ÊÇÎÒÃǵÄÐֵܽãÃÃ
2.tune [tju:n]:vt. 1) (also ~ up) make small changes to an engine so that it works as well as possible µ÷Õû£¬µ÷½Ú£¨·¢¶¯»ú£©Ê¹´ïµ½×î¼Ñ״̬
eg: In order to keep drivers safe, mechanics are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned up. ΪÁ˱£Ö¤Ë¾»úµÄ°²È«£¬Ò»¶¨Òª¶Ø´Ù»úеʦȷ±£Æû³µ·¢¶¯»úÒѵ÷ÕûºÃ¡£
An auto repair manual can tell how to tune up your car..Æû³µÎ¬ÐÞÊÖ²á¿ÉÒÔ¸æËßÄãÔõôÐÞ¸´ÄãµÄ ³µ×Ó.
2) make small changes to a musical instrument so that it will produce the correct notes Ϊ£¨ÀÖÆ÷£©µ÷Òô£¬¶¨ÏÒ
eg: Someone is coming tomorrow to tune the piano. Ã÷Ìì»áÓÐÈËÀ´¸ø¸ÖÇÙµ÷Òô¡£
They' re just starting to tune up for the concert tonight.ËûÃÇÖ»ÊÇÔÚΪ½ñÍíµÄÒôÀÖ»áµ÷ÒôÄØ ¡¾´îÅä¡¿in(»ò out of)tuneºÏ(»ò²»ºÏ)µ÷ tune sth.upµ÷Õû,µ÷½Ú(ÒÔ´ï×î¼ÑÐÔÄÜ)
3.Adjust:v. change or move sth. slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose µ÷Õû£»µ÷½Ú
eg: The figures have been adjusted for inflation. Êý¾ÝÒòͨ»õÅòÕͶø×÷Á˵÷Õû¡£
Adjust the aerial' 's position and direction for the best reception.µ÷ÕûÌìÏßµÄλÖúͷ½ÏòÒÔ´ïµ½×î¼Ñ½ÓÊÕЧ¹û.
vi. get used to a new situation by changing your ideas or the way you do things ÊÊÓ¦ eg: He soon adjusted to army life. ËûºÜ¿ì¾ÍÊÊÓ¦Á˾ü¶ÓÉú»î¡£ How did you adjust to college life?ÄãÊÇÈçºÎÊÊÓ¦´óѧÉú»îµÄ? ¡¾Í¬Òå¡¿ adapt, conform, accommodate,suit,fit
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