发布时间 : 星期日 文章(完整word版)外研版八年级下册语法讲解和练习更新完毕开始阅读d05791d469ec0975f46527d3240c844769eaa006
八年级下册英语语法 by厚德载物tan
模块五语法
动词时态的区分 到目前为止，我们已学过用多种时态来描述行为或状态。本模块重点复习一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。下面我们以一种行为或状态为例，来区分一下这几种时态： 一、一般现在时
一般现在时通常用 动词原形 表示，但第三人称单数后面的谓语动词要加s或es，be和have有特殊的人称形式(am, is, are; has)。
1．表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。例如： I often go to school on foot. 我经常步行去上学。 2．表示客观事实、普遍真理或科学道理。例如： The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
3．用于含有时间的条件状语从句中，表示将来的动作或状态。例如： If it rains/is rainy tomorrow, we won't go to the cinema. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去看电影了。
4．标志词：always，often，usually，sometimes，every day, once a week等。 二、一般过去时
一般过去时用规则或不规则动词的过去式表示；be动词第一、三人称单数用_was，其余人称用were；动词have一律用had。
1．表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态。例如： She was born in 1999.她出生于1999年。
2．表示过去经常、习惯或反复发生的动作。例如：
When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me. 她在上海时，经常来看我。 3．标志词：just now，ago，yesterday，in the past, last week, the other day等。 三、现在完成时
现在完成时由“have/has＋_动词的过去分词”构成。
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。例如： I have got a letter from my aunt.我已经收到了我姑姑的一封来信。 2．表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。例如： I have studied English for two years. 我已经学习两年英语了。
3．标志词： already, yet, just, never, ever, so far, “for＋时间段”， “since＋时间点”等。 Ⅰ.单项填空
( )1.—Do you know the boy over there? —Sure. I________ him for years. A．knew B．will know C．have known D．known ( )2.[2014?南京]—When will Uncle Sam come to see us? —He'll visit us this weekend. He ________ me that by email. A．told B．is told C．will tell D．was going to tell [解析] A 考查动词的时态。句意：“萨姆叔叔什么时候来看我们？”“他将在这个周末来看我们，通过电子邮件他告诉了我。”由语境可知用一般过去时态。故选A。 ( )3. —Where is your father?
—He ________ Australia and he ________ Sydney for two weeks. A．has been to; has been in B．has gone to; will stay in C．has been in; has been to D．has gone to; has stayed to ( )4.—Are you a soccer player in your school?
9 / 20
八年级下册英语语法 by厚德载物tan
—Yes, I ________ the team two years ago and I________ in the team for two years. A． have joined; have been B．was joined; am C．joined; was D．joined; have been [解析] D 考查动词的时态。“two years ago”是一般过去时的标志词，故第一空用一般过去时；“for two years”是现在完成时的标志词，故第二空用现在完成时。
( )5.[2015?潍坊]Next month we're going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday________. A．will begin B．has begun C．begins D．is beginning [解析] C 考查动词的时态。as soon as表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用的是将来时，as soon as引导的从句要用一般现在时，故选C。
( )6.My grandmother ________ in Yangzhou. She was born there and has never lived anywhere else. A．lived B．lives C．was living D．will live
( )7.I know a little about Thailand, as I ________ there three years ago. A．have been B．have gone C．will go D．went
[解析] D “three years ago”是一般过去时的标志词。故选D。 ( )8.Everyone knows that the sun________ in the east. A．rised B．rises C．raised D．raises
( )9.—Mike, why are you watching TV again? —I ________ my homework. A．finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished ( )10.Tony ________ foodball every weekend when he was young.
A．plays B．played C．is playing D．has played ( )8.Everyone knows that the sun________ in the east. A．rised B．rises C．raised D．raises
( )9.—Mike, why are you watching TV again? —I ________ my homework. A．finish B．finished C．have finished D．had finished ( )10.Tony ________ foodball every weekend when he was young.
A．plays B．played C．is playing D．has played Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．—Do you know the Englishman? —Yes. Ihave known_(know)him for two years. 2．Her grandpa died (die) when she was 20.
3．[2015?潍坊]He hasn’t come (not come) yet. What do you think has happened to him?
4．—How many schools hasProject Hope built (build) since 1989? —Sorry, I don't know. 5．So far I _have been (be) to many places in China.
10 / 20
八年级下册英语语法 by厚德载物tan
模块六语法
简单句的基本句型
英语是一种结构型语言，以谓语动词为核心构成句型。 一、常见的六种基本句型：
1．主语＋系动词＋表语(＋状语)．
此句型中，系动词除了be动词外，常见的还有look(看起来), sound(听起来), taste(尝起来), feel(感觉；摸起来), smell(闻起来), become (变得), turn(变得), get(变得)等，系动词后接形容词或名词作表语。例如： Your watch looks very nice. 你的手表看起来很漂亮。
The days get shorter and shorter. 白天变得越来越短了。 In spring, the trees turn green. 春天，树变绿了。
2．主语＋谓语(不及物动词)[＋状语(副词、名词、介词短语等)]．
此句型中的动词后不可以直接接宾语，这种动词称为不及物动词。例如： His father cooks every day. 他父亲每天做饭。
The children are listening quietly. 孩子们在静静地听着。 He ran fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议9点开始。 3．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语(＋状语)．
此句型中的动词可以直接接宾语，这种动词称为及物动词。例如： He didn't like the film. 他不喜欢这部电影。 She often helps him. 她经常帮助他。
I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。 4．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(＋状语)． 此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。有时，间接宾语也可与介词to或for构成短语，放在直接宾语的后面。例如： Please give me a few apples.＝Please give a few apples to me.请给我几个苹果。 5．主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语(＋状语)．
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的行为、特征或状态等，宾语和宾语补足语之间通常有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如： He made all of us laugh. 他使我们都大笑起来。
At first I found Chinese quite hard.起初我发现汉语相当难。 6．There＋be＋主语(＋状语)．
此句型中，be 动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。当有两个或两个以上的主语时，be动词的数与离其最近的主语的数保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。例如： There are some people in the hall. 大厅里有些人。
There is a pen and some books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
二、句型说明
英语句子以谓语为中心，谓语的前面是行为的执行者，后面接动作的承受者(被动语态除外)。状语可置于句首，也可以置于谓语之后。一般来说，置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因状语，置于谓语之后的多是地点、方式、目的和伴随状语。
Ⅰ.判断下列各句属于A—F中的哪种句型，把选项填在题前的括号内 A．主语＋谓语(＋状语)
B．主语＋谓语＋宾语(＋状语) C．主语＋系动词＋表语(＋状语)
D．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(＋状语) E．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(＋状语)
11 / 20
八年级下册英语语法 by厚德载物tan
F．There＋be＋主语(＋状语)
( )1.There is going to be a class meeting this afternoon.
( )2.The bell is ringing.
( )3.Tom bought me an umbrella yesterday. ( )4.Music often makes me happy.
( )5.Someone in our class likes singing very much. ( )6.My sister is very outgoing at school. [答案] 1—6 FADEBC Ⅱ.连词成句
1．[2015?河北]we, happy, sang, on the way
_______________________________________________.we sang happily on the way/On the way we sang happily. 2．mother, asked, not, me, my, to, computer, play, games
______________________________________________.My mother asked me not to play computer games. 3．an, I, book, last, read, week, interesting
_______________________________________________.Last week I read an interesting book. 4．hear, I, often, girl, a, in, sing, the, room, next
______________________________________________.I often hear a girl sing in the next room. 5．2015?河北interesting, activity, many, there were
_____________________________________________There were many interesting activities.
12 / 20