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定语从句及连词
答题秘诀二 as与which均可替代整个主句
在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。 介词/逗号后, 永远不用that!
They failed in the exam，as/which is natural. As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun. He passed the College Entrance Examination, made his parents very happy. A. as B. which C. that D. it 关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有\正如\之意，而which引导的没有。
〖2010全国Ⅰ〗As a child , Jack studied in a village school ,_____ is named after his grandfather. A. which B. where C. what D. that
空格设置在名词school后, 且school后有逗号, 此题考查非限定性定语从句。定语从句所修饰的先行词是school, 它在定于从句中做主语, 因此使用关系代词, 选项中的关系代词只有which和that, 由于是非限定性定语从句, 不能使用that, 因此选择A。
〖2010四川〗After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句, which代替前边整个句子。句意为： ―大学毕业后, 我们休假一段时间去旅游, 这结果证明是一个明智的决定。‖
〖2009山东〗Whenever I met her, _________ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that
不论何时遇见她, 她总是用甜美的微笑和我打招呼,这是非常经常的事。考查非限制性定语从句, 从句_________ was fairly often插在主句中的时间状语从句后, 关系代词which可代替主句整个句子的意思并在从句中作主语。答案B。
〖2009辽宁〗They‘ve won their last three matches, ________I find a bit surprising A. that B. when C. what D. which 此处意思是 ―他们赢得了最后的三场比赛, 我觉得这确实有点让人意外‖, which代替上句 ―They‘ve won their last three matches‖做find的宾语, 选D。A项不能用于非限制性定语从句中, B, C此处没有他们的意思。
状语从句及连词
While是解!
◆常接持续性的动词，强调主从句谓语动作同时发生，常用进行时。有时还有对比意义，意为―然而‖。 ◆主句从句主语不同,表示―而?‖ I do every single bit of housework __ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. A. since B. while C. when ◆While置于句首可表示As long as 或 Although While there is life there is hope. While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones. much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As
〖2011四川卷〗 volleyball is her main focus, she‘s also great at basketball. A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While
虽然排球是她的主要项目，但她还擅长篮球。while“虽然，尽管”。答案D。 〖2010全国Ⅰ〗Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal . A. so that B. although C. while D. as if
so that译为 ―以便‖表示目的, although译为 ―尽管, 虽然‖, as if译为 ―好像‖, while译为 ―当….的时候‖, 因此while符合句意, 选择C。
〖2009安徽〗—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free the third costs $30.
A. while B. until C. when D. before while表转折 ―而, 然而‖。根据句子意思, 前两份免费, 而第三份要$30。
〖2006全国Ⅱ〗We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, , in fact, there were 40. A.while B.whether C.what D.which 此题考查连词的用法。while在此表示转折, 意为 ―但是, 而‖。
〖2006天津〗The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A.since B.when C.as D.while
根据句中among the lowest in Britain和probably one of the highest可知前后的意义存在对比；while用作连词, 可用于表示对比或相反的情况, ―而；但是‖。
D. as （2008湖南)______ the Internet is of great help, I don‘t think it‘s a good idea to spend too
名词性从句
区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。
需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what; 不缺意思和成份时用that。That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。
缺成分时,what和whatever是第一高频答案! 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。
◆____ we can‘t get∧ seems better than ____ we have∧.
A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what
本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。
◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where
该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：
That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved. 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we‘ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this
B．that
C．what
D．which
考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C
〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why B. how C. what D. which
in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C.
〖2011陕西卷〗I‘d like to start my own business –that‘s I‘d do if I had the money. A.why
B.when C.which D.what
所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。
〖2011北京卷〗 Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
冠词 和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化,一般以What和It做主语! 抽象名词前加a／an表具体的人或物。抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，如Failure is the mother of success.
success(抽象名词) → a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西
〖2011山东卷〗Take your time—it‘s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant. A.不填；the
B. a; the
C. the; a
D.不填；a
句意为―别急—从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。‖a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。答案：B
〖2011浙江卷〗 Experts think that ______recently discovered painting may be ______ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a
句意为―专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。‖the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picsso‘s painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。答案：D
〖2010福建〗It‘s good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure. A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the
good feeling并非特指, 故用a；pleasure是抽象名词, 无需冠词。句意为 ―人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐, 这是（一）种不错的感觉‖ a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉, give sb pleasure。〖答案〗B
a／an与专有名词连用表示“一个叫什么的人”“一个像什么的人”“…的作品／制品”或表示不确定，如a Sunday,a Monday等。 (2006全国卷) —Hello，could I speak to Mr． Smith?
—Sorry,wrong number, There isn’t_______ Mr． Smith here． A．不填 B．a C．the D．one
题意为：这儿没有一个叫史密斯的。史密斯是姓氏，史密斯先生很多，aMr． Smith表示其中一位。【答案】B (2005山东卷)I knew__________John Lennon，but not_________famous one． A．不填;a B．a；the C. 不填;the D．the；a 题意为：我原先认识一个叫约翰列农的人，不是那个著名的约翰列农。据题意可知叫约翰列农的人很多他只是其中一位，故用a；那位著名的也即是特指的，应用the。