发布时间 : 星期一 文章刘毅10000词汇学习笔记更新完毕开始阅读b7751216866fb84ae45c8d07
10、virtual（adj）（做定语）事实上的，实际上的，实质上的（但未在名义上或正式获承认）
A virtual state of war between the two countries 两国间实际处于战争状态
★ actual（adj）existing in fact；real 实在的，真实的，实际的，确实的
The actual cost was much higher than we had expected 实际成本比我们预料的高的多。
11、wizard（n）男巫（尤指童话中的）；魔术师 ★ magician（n）魔术师，变戏法的人
刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（1）
1、admonish（vt） give a mild but firm warning or scolding to sb 温和而严正的警告或责备某人 ～ sb for/against sth The teacher admonished the boys or being lazy 老师责备男学生懒惰。
（v）advise or urge sb seriously 劝告或告诫某人 She admonished us to seek professional help 她劝我们向专业人士求助。
◎ admonishment或admonition（n）警告 ◎ admonitory（adj）劝告的，轻责的
★ advise（v）recommend 劝告、忠告，建议 ～ sb against sth/doing sth ～ sb on sth
The doctor advised me to take a complete rest。医生让我完全休息。
（v）（尤用于商业）通知或告知某人 ～ sb of sth Please advise us of the dispatch of the goods 货物发出请通知我们。 2、bide（v）等待
（习语）bide one’s time 等待有利时机
★ remain（v）（通常不用于进行时态）be left or still present after other parts have been removed or used or dealt with 剩下、剩余、遗留
After the fire，very little remained of my house 火灾过后，寒舍所剩无几。
（vi）be left to be seen，done，said 留待以后去看，去说，去做
Much remains to be done 要做的事情还很多。 （vi）（尤做庄重语）stay in the same place；stay behind 停留，逗留，留下
I remain in Landon until May。我在伦敦一直待到五月。 （v）continue to be；stay in the same condition 仍然是，保持不变
He remained silent。他保持沉默。
41
3、condone（vt）treat or regard an offence as if it were not serious or wrong；overlook；forgive 容忍（过失），宽恕，原谅
Not punishing them amounts to condoning their crime 不惩罚他们就等于纵容他们的罪行 ★ excuse（vt）forgive or overlook a fault，etc；pardon sb/sth 宽恕或饶恕（过失等）；原谅某人某事物 ～ sb/sth for sth/doing sth
Excuse me for being late。请原谅我来晚了。
4、designate（vt）mark or point out sth clearly 清楚的标出或指出（某事物）
designate the boundaries of sth 标出某事物的分界线
（v）（尤用于被动语态）choose sb for a special purpose 为某目的选择某人某事物 ～ sb/sth as sth
The town has been designated as a developing area 该城已被定为开发区。
（v）给某人某名称、称号、职务、地位等
She was designated as sportswoman of the year 她被命名为本年度的体坛明星。 ★ appoint（vt）choose sb for a job or position of responsibility 挑选某人做某工作或任某职位；任命；委派 ～ sb to sth ～ sb as sth
He was appointed to the vacant post 他被委派填补那空缺。
5、fend（v）（短语搭配）fend for oneself 照顾自己；自谋生计；独立生活
It is time you left home and leant to fend for yourself 你应该离家自立了。
（短语搭配）fend sth./sb off 抵御或抵挡某事物、某人
The minister had to fend off some awkward questions from reporters 部长需避开记者提出的某些尴尬的问题。
★ defend（vt）protect sb/sth from harm；guard sb/sth 保护某人某物免受伤害；保卫某人某物 ～ sb/sth from/against sb/sth
When the dog attacked me，I defended myself with a stick 那狗扑向我时，我用棍子自卫。
（vt）为支持某人某事而行动、说话或写文章
The newspaper defended her against the accusation 报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。
6、hardy（adj）able to endure cold or difficult conditions；tough robust 耐寒的，能吃苦的；强壮的，坚强的；指植物可在冬天过冬的，耐寒的
42
A few hardy people swam in the icy water 有几个不怕冷的人在冰冷的水里游泳。
★ robust（adj）vigorous；healthy and strong 有活力的，强健的
a robust young man 身强力壮的青年小伙子
（adj）（贬）not delicate or refined 粗野的、粗鲁的
7、limber（adj）（旧）柔软的，灵活的
（短语搭配）limber up （运动等前）做准备活动，活动肢体
I always do a few easy exercises to limber up before a match 我在比赛前总要做些简单的准备活动
★ supple（adj －r －st）bent or bending easily；not stiff；flexible 易弯曲的，柔软的，灵活的 She has a supple mind 她头脑灵活。
8、philanthropy（n）concern for the welfare of mankind；benevolence 博爱，慈善，仁慈
◎ philanthropic（adj）博爱的，慈善的，仁慈的
★ charity（n）loving kindness towards other 慈善，慈悲，慈爱，仁爱
（n）tolerance in judging other；kindness；leniency 宽容，宽厚，仁慈；
（n）generosity in giving money，food，help，etc to the needy 施舍，布施，慷慨
9、recollect（v）（不用于被动语态）succeed in calling sth back to the mind；remember 想起，记得，回忆起
As far as I recollect，you came late 我记得你来晚了。
★ recall（vt）order sb to return from a place （从某处）召回某人 ～ sb from?to?
10、smite（v）（pt pp smote smitten ）hit sb/sth hard；strike 重击（某人某事物）；打
He smote the ball into the grandstand 他把球打到看台上去了。
（v）对某人产生重大影响
His conscience smote him 他受到了良心的谴责。
★ affect（vt）have an influence on sb/sth；produce an effect on 影响
The tax increases have affected us all 加税已经影响了我们大家。
（vt）指疾病侵染某人某事物；感染
Cancer had affected his lungs 癌已侵及他的肺脏。
43
11、testimony（n）written or spoken statement declaring that sth is true；esp one made under oath （书面或口头的）证词（尤指发誓后作出的）
According to the witness’s testimony，you were present when the crime was committed 根据证人证词所示，案发时你在犯罪现场。
（n）对事物的见证或证明
The pyramids are testimony to the Ancient Egyptians engineering skills 金字塔是古埃及人工程技术精湛的丰碑。
★ proof（n）evidence that shows or helps to show，that sth is true or is a fact 证据，证物，证言
What proofs have you that the statement is correct？你有什么证据证明这种说法是正确的么？
刘毅词汇10000学习笔记 lesson 5（2）
1、ale（n）（尤用于复合词及词组中）（酒精浓度高，通常为瓶装的）啤酒，麦酒
We sell a wide range of ales and stouts 我们出售种类繁多的浓啤酒和黑啤酒。 ★ lager（n）贮藏啤酒
★ stout（n）（烈性的）黑啤酒
2、blend（vt）mix（different types of sth）in order to get a certain quality 混合，搀和
blended coffee 混合的咖啡
（vi）form a mixture；mix 成为混合物，混合 ～ with sth ～ together
oil and water do not blend 油和水不能混合。
（vi）mix one thing with another；mix things together 将此物与彼物混合；把东西掺杂在一起 ～ A with B ～ A and B together
blend the eggs with the milk 把蛋掺到奶里
（vi）combine with sth in a harmonious way；look or sound good together 调和，协调，融合 ～ with sth ～ together Those cottages blend perfectly with the landscape。那些农舍与周围的风景完全融为一体了。
（vi）（尤指颜色）逐渐融合在一起 ～ into sth
The sea and the sky seemed to blend into each other 海和天似乎连成一片。
★ combine（v）cause things to join or mix together to form a whole （使物件）结合或混合成一个整体；联合；组合；合并；化合 ～ A with B ～ A and B
Circumstances have combined to ruin our plans for a holiday 各种情况凑在一起破坏了我们的假日计划。
（vt）同时做（不止一件事）；兼有（不止一种）特性 ～ A and B ～ A with B
44