发布时间 : 星期四 文章(全国统考)2021高考英语一轮复习第1编话题六Book2Unit3Computers课时作业(含解析)更新完毕开始阅读a3663a6fa1116c175f0e7cd184254b35effd1acf
Unit 3 Computers
课时作业
Ⅰ.完形填空
Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts __1__ our protective blanket on __2__. Light gets through, and this is essential __3__ plants to make the food which we __4__. Heat, __5__， makes our environment tolerable and some ultraviolet (紫外线的) rays penetrate the __6__. Cosmic (宇宙的) rays of various kinds come __7__ the air from outer space, but __8__ quantities of radiation from the sun are screened off. __9__ men leave the atmosphere they are __10__ to this radiation, __11__ their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, __12__ prevent a lot of radiation damage. Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in __13__. Doses of radiation are measured in __14__ called “rem (雷姆)”. We all __15__ radiation here on earth from the sun，from cosmic rays and from radioactive minerals. The “__16__” dose of radiation that we receive each year is about two millirems. It __17__ according to where you live, and this is a very rough estimate. Scientists have the reason to think __18__ a man can __19__ far more radiation __20__ 0.1 rem without being damaged. The figure of 60 rems has been agreed on.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。太阳和其他星体发出的射线对人类既有利又有弊，那么大气层对此又是如何起作用的呢？人们能承受的安全射线数是多少雷姆呢？
1．A.for C．on
B．with D．as
答案：D act as “充当，起……作用”。句意：大气层又一次对我们起到防护的作用。 2．A.stars C．earth
B．sun D．space
答案：C 由上题可知，大气层起到对地球的防护作用，保护的应该是地球。故选C项。 3．A.with C．under
B．from D．for
答案：D be essential for “对……来说是首要的/基础的”，为固定搭配。 4．A.use C．eat
B．live D．get
答案：C 由常识可知，植物依靠阳光来生长出我们吃的食物，故选C项。 5．A.again C．besides
B．also D．too
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答案：D also一般紧跟动词；besides一般用在句首；too可用在句中，用逗号隔开。此处指热量也使得我们的生活环境温度适宜。
6．A.environment C．atmosphere
B．space D．earth
答案：C 由第1空所在的句子可知，地球周围有大气防护层，因此推知这里紫外线穿透大气层。故选C项。
7．A.across C．from
B．to D．through
答案：D 这里的come through相当于penetrate “穿透”。come across “偶遇”；come to “来到”；come from “来自”。句意：各类来自外太空的宇宙射线穿透大气层。故选through。
8．A.valid C．various
B．enormous D．proper
答案：B 由空格前but表转折和句末的“are screened off (被隔开)”可判断此处意为大量的来自太阳的辐射被隔离掉了。valid “有效的”；various “各种各样的”；proper “合适的”。enormous “大量的”符合文意。
9．A.As soon as C．As much as
B．As well as D．As possible as
答案：A as soon as “一……就……”。此处表述人一离开大气层就会接触到射线。故选A项。
10．A.shown C．faced
B．exposed D．covered
答案：B be exposed to “暴露于”，符合语意。 11．A.but C．so
B．because D．so that
答案：A 由空格前“人一离开大气层就会接触到射线，”及空格后“他们的太空服和太空船的外壁会阻止射线造成的损害。”可知前后应该是转折关系，故用but。
12．A.get C．have
B．make D．do
答案：D “do＋动词原形”结构强调谓语动词。 13．A.Mars C．space
B．atmosphere D．planet
答案：C 由Radiation和explorers可推测，应选space (太空)。句意：射线是探险者在太空中已知的最大危险。
14．A.pieces
B．units
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C．parts D．systems
答案：B 此处意为射线的剂量可用“雷姆”这个测量单位来测量，故选B项。 15．A.receive C．bring
B．accept D．catch
答案：A 由第16空所在句子中的“radiation that we receive each year”可知，此处表示受到辐射，故选A项。
16．A.conventional C．general
B．common D．normal
答案：D 此处意为我们每年接受的正常辐射量大约为2毫雷姆。故选normal。 17．A.puzzles C．combines
B．floats D．changes
答案：D 句意：所处地点不同，所能承受的正常的辐射量也不一样。故选D项。 18．A.what C．that
B．which D．why
答案：C 本句应填入引导宾语从句的连接词，而从句不缺少成分和语意，故选择that。 19．A.put up with C．come up with
B．keep up with D．catch up with
答案：A 此处意为人类可承受的辐射量。put up with “忍受”，符合语境。 20．A.from C．as
B．than D．away
答案：B 由空格前的“more”和空格后的“The figure of 60 rems”可知，应选than，表示“远超0.1雷姆的辐射量”。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
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(2020·广东省实验中学高三上学期第一次考试)Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people's emails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing wordofmouth communication—emails, Web posts and reviews, facetoface conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times' website. He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most emailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than nonscience articles. He found that science amazed Times' readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch on.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在网络普及的时代，好消息在网络上的传播速度比坏消息要快得多。
1．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to? A．News reports. B．Private emails. C．Research papers. D．Daily conversations.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media”可知，这条经典的规则适用于大众媒体。故选A。
2．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer? A．They're socially inactive.
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