发布时间 : 星期日 文章第四章_托收方式更新完毕开始阅读9dfc509bb0717fd5360cdc38
第四章 托收方式
第一节 托收概述
一、托收的定义
Article 2 Definition of Collection
a. “Collection” means the handling by banks of documents in accordance with instructions received in order to:
i. obtain payment and/or acceptance , or
ii. deliver documents against payment and/or against acceptance, or iii. deliver documents on other terms and conditions.
b. “Documents” means financial documents and/or commercial documents:
i. “Financial documents” means bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment of money.
ii. “Commercial documents” means invoices, transport documents of title or other similar instruments, or any other documents whatsoever, not being financial documents.
c. “Clean collection” means collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents.
d. “Documentary collection” means collection of:
i. financial documents accompanied by commercial documents; ii. commercial documents not accompanied by financial documents.
——Uniform Rules for Collection (ICC Publication No. 522)
二、托收当事人
1. Principal（委托人）：委托银行办理托收业务的人。 他通常是Exporter, Seller, Drawer, Consignor（托运人）。也可以是托收汇票的收款人。
2. Remitting Bank（托收行）：接受委托办理托收业务的银行，又称寄单行。 他通常是Exporter’s Bank, Payee of the Collection Bill。
3. Collecting Bank（代收行）：接受托收行委托，参与办理托收业务的银行。 他通常是Importer’s Bank, Payee of the Collection Bill。
4. Presenting Bank（提示行）：向汇票付款人提示承兑/付款的银行，通常就是代收行本身，有时也可以是另一家银行。
5. Drawee（付款人）
他通常是Importer, Buyer，Drawee of the Collection Bill。 托收业务中的契约关系：
出口商与托收行之间的契约——托收申请书。 托收行与代收行之间的契约——托收指示。
三、托收方式的种类
（一）光票托收（Clean Collection） 指金融单据托收，不伴随商业单据。
在国际贸易中，通常是货运单据直接寄交买方，仅将汇票（有时也可附发票等非货运单据）委托银行托收。
托收的款项一般是贸易从属费用。
（二）跟单托收（Documentary Collection）
指金融单据伴随商业单据的托收，或商业单据不伴随金融单据的托收。 （三）直接托收（Direct Collection）
委托人征得托收行同意，直接将托收单据寄代收行。URC522不愿承认不经银行办理的托收业务，故未将其包括在规则之中。
四、托收指示和托收汇票 （一）托收指示
托收指示（Collection Instruction）即是寄送托收单据的面函（Covering Letter）。 托收指示的重要性：
1．每笔托收业务必须附有一个单独的托收指示。 2．代收行仅受托收指示的指导。
3．代收行没有义务审核单据以获得指示。 Article 4 Collection Instruction
a. i. All documents sent for collection must be accompanied by a collection instruction indicating that the collection is subject to URC 522 and giving complete and precise instructions. Banks are only permitted to act upon the instructions given in such collection instruction, and in accordance with these Rules.
ii. Banks will not examine documents in order to obtain instructions.
iii. Unless otherwise authorized in the collection instruction, banks will disregard any instructions from any party/bank other than the party/bank from whom they received the collection.
（二）托收汇票当事人及其背书
托收汇票（Collection Bill/Draft）的当事人： Drawer: the exporter, the seller Drawee: the importer, the buyer
Payee: (1) drawer；(2) remitting bank; (3) collecting bank 即期托收汇票示样：
Exchange for HKD 21500.00 Tianjin, 15 April, 2002 D/P At sight of this First of Exchange（Second of the same tenor and date unpaid） pay to the order of The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Hongkong dollars twenty one thousand five hundred only Drawn against shipment of 16 cartons of Cashmere coats from Tianjin to Hongkong for collection To Sunlight Garments Company, 314 Locky Road, For Tianjin Textile Import and Hongkong Exporter Corp., Tianjin signature 托收汇票的背书有三种情况： 1．委托人/出口商是payee时，（1）委托人作空白背书将汇票交托收行；（2）托收行作托收记名背书将汇票交代收行。
2．托收行是payee时，托收行作托收记名背书将汇票交代收行。 3．代收行是payee时，无需背书。
托收汇票的的期限：（1）即期；（2）远期；（3）固定日期后一段时间。 Article 5 Presentation
b. The collection instruction should state the exact period of time within which any action is to be taken by the drawee.
Expression such as “first”, “prompt”, “immediate” and the like should not be used in connection with presentation or with reference to any period of time within which documents have to be taken up or for any other action that is to be taken by the drawee.（这类词语不能用来表示提示或接受单据或付款人履行责任的期限。）If such terms are used banks will disregard them.
Article 6 Sight/Acceptance
In the case of documents payable at sight the presenting bank must make presentation for payment without delay.
In the case of documents payable at a tenor other than sight the presenting bank must, where acceptance is called for, make presentation for acceptance without delay and where payment is called for, make presentation for payment not later than the appropriate maturity date.
但实际操作中，有一种习惯做法是：即期托收汇票货到时请求付款，远期汇票货到时请求承兑。
（三）托收汇票的担保付款
URC522没有关于托收汇票担保的统一规则，实际操作中的习惯做法见书P127。 银行在单据有效性方面的免责：
Article 13 Disclaimer on Effectiveness of Documents
Banks assume no liability or responsibility for the form, sufficiency, accuracy, genuineness, falsification or legal effect of any document(s), or for the general and/or particular conditions stipulated in the document(s) or superimposed thereon; nor do they assume any liability or responsibility for the description, quantity, weight, quality, condition, packing, delivery, value or existence of the goods represented by any document(s), or for the goodfaith or acts and/or omissions, solvency, performance or standing of the consignors, the carriers, the forwarders, the consignees or the insurers of the goods, or any other person whomsoever.
第二节 跟单托收的交单条件
一、 承兑交单（Document against Acceptance, D/A）
凭付款人对远期汇票承兑而交出单据。The release/ delivery of documents against acceptance of tenor draft.
承兑交单程序如下：
货物装船 ① ⑨
托 款 ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ 收 项 汇 承 交 提 付 申 贷 票 兑 示 请 记 提 汇 付 书 委 示 票 单 款 款 托 承 跟 人 兑 单 帐 汇 户 票 Remitting Collecting Bank/
Bank ⑧汇交收妥的货款 Presenting Bank
Principal Drawee/Import ② 航寄托收指示和跟单汇票
二、即期付款交单（Documents against Payment, D/P或D/P at Sight）
凭付款人对即期汇票付款而交出单据。
The release/delivery of documents against the payment of sight draft.
三、远期付款交单（D/P at xx days after sight） 凭付款人对远期汇票付款而交出单据。
The release/delivery of documents against the payment of tenor draft. 远期汇票的时间一般应不长于货物海上运输时间，否则会使货物滞留码头，易遭损失或罚款，而托收行对此不负责任。
URC522认为托收应不（should not）包含在将来日期付款的汇票，并带有指示说，商业单据凭付款交出。所以远期付款交单通常不宜采用。
Article 7 Release of commercial Documents: D/A vs. D/P
a. Collections should not contain bills of exchange payable at a future date with instructions that commercial documents are to be delivered against payment.
b. If a collection contains a bill of exchange payable at a future date, the collection instruction should state whether the commercial documents are to be released to the drawee against acceptance (D/A) or against payment (D/P). In the absence of such statement commercial documents will be released only against payment and the collecting bank will not be responsible for any consequences arising out of any delay in the delivery of documents.
c. If a collection contains a bill of exchange payable at a future date and the collection instruction indicates that commercial documents are to be released against payment, documents will be released only against such payment and the collecting bank will not be responsible for any consequences arising out of any delay in the delivery of documents.