发布时间 : 星期一 文章新SAT Essay写作到底考什么更新完毕开始阅读8a6ea9d4185f312b3169a45177232f60ddcce724
新SAT Essay写作到底考什么
新SAT Essay一直是招生官门非常看重的一块，也是比较难以捉摸的一块，那么到底是考学生们的什么，下面我们来详细分析。
1、培养批判性阅读能力
要对原文展开合情合理修辞分析，掌握 critical reading（批判性地阅读能力）是关键，也就是要break the whole text down into several parts.
简单来说就是要遵循3W 原则：
What the author does？（作者说/写了什么？）
文章的中心思想是什么、作者是通过哪些分论点来支撑这一条中心思想的、每个论点之下又使用了哪些修辞技巧来support每一个分论点等等。
Why he/she does it?（这样写的用意是什么？）
弄懂了文章的段落大意之后，我们要进一步思考作者这样写的目的是什么？即作者是如何通过这些手段达到说服读者的目的的？
What effect this is likely to have on readers？(效果如何)
有没有对读者产生影响？有没有达到作者想要说服读者的目的？
具体来说，critical reading就是要在阅读过程中不断反复地问自己以下七个问题：
1. What is the subject? Does the subject bring up any personal associations? Is it a controversial one?
原文的写作主题是什么？是否存在争议？
2. What is the thesis (the overall main point)? How does the thesis interpret the subject? If asked, could you summarize the main idea? 作者论点、立场是什么？
3. Who is the intended audience? What values and/or beliefs do they hold that the writer could appeal to?
潜在的观众是谁？观众对原文的话题持什么样的立场？
4. What is the writer's purpose? To explain? Inform? Anger? Persuade? Sadden? Attack? Defend? Is there more than one purpose? Does the purpose shift at all throughout the text? 作者的写作意图是解释传递信息、抒发悲愤之情、说明道理、反驳他人、还是据理力争、坚守立场？
5. What methods does the writer use to develop his/her ideas? Narration? Description? Definition? Comparison? Analogy? Cause and Effect? Why does the writer use these methods? Do these methods help in his/her development of ideas?
作者是如何展开论述的？是平铺直叙、还是打比方、作比较、讲因果？
6. What evidence does the author use to support his/her claim? Facts? Figures? Examples? How does the evidence contribute to the writer's aim?
作者使用了哪些证据？这些证据是如何支撑原文的论点的？
7. Are there any tropes--similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole, comparisons, contrasts, etc. that are employed by the writer? When does he/she use them? For what reason(s)? Are those devices used to convey or enhance meaning?
使用了哪些其它修辞/语言技巧？效果如何？
2、弄清修辞分析和总结的区别
Summary只是对原文信息观点的condensed paraphrase，即在不改变原文意思的情况下，换一种更加简洁、浓缩的表述方法来表达原文的意思。修辞分析是要用上述所说的3W原则去分析原文。
我们一起来看两个例子，就很容易搞清楚这个问题了。
例1
Summary（总结）:
Smith says global warming has negative effects and we should care about our world’s future.
Rhetorical analysis（修辞分析）:
Smith provides multiple negative effects of global warming and punctuates his sentences with exclamation marks; thus, he uses quantitative descriptions and punctuation to create a sense of urgency in his readers to care about the planet’s status regarding global warming.www.onebest.cn
例2
Summary（总结）:
Johnson has a lot of formal language throughout his paper and hardly any informal words.
Rhetorical analysis（修辞分析）:
Johnson employs formal language throughout his essay. For example, he argues unequal
funding in public schools creates a “horrific imbalance between affluent communities and those that are impoverished”. In using formal, academic writing, he establishes himself as a credible and valid author (thus, creating ethos from the classical form).
3、积累常见的修辞手段