发布时间 : 星期三 文章高三英语复习之时态与语态更新完毕开始阅读74221e7b001ca300a6c30c22590102020740f272
前
高三贰级部 英语语法复习之一: 时态篇
Grammar Review: Tense & Voice
言: 英语中时态指的是: 行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式, 也就是说英语中的时态体现在英语句子中的谓语动词上。同学们要注意英语中的时态是汉语所没有的。如: 中文: 昨天我在街上遇到他了。
英文：I met him in the street yesterday.
英语中共有16种时态, 从考试角度出发，本文重点讲解了6种时态。如下：
一、一般现在时★★★
1. If you arrive, please give me a phone call. 如果你到了, 请给我打电话。 2. He often gets up at six o’clock every day. 他每天通常6点起床。
3. I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 我上学时就知道了地球围绕太阳转。 用法总结:
1. 表示经常或习惯动作, 句子中常有often, always等时间状语。 2. 表示客观规律和永恒真理。
3. 注意：在一般现在时中涉及到主谓一致问题, 同学们平时写作文时一点要注意 规则变化:
1. 一般情况下,动词后面直接加 -s. 例如： works gets says reads 2. 以ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的动词,在后面加 -es.
例如：go- goes teach-teacheswash-washes do-does fix -fixes
3. 以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把 y变为 i 再加 -es. 例如：study- studies 不规则变化： have-has
二、一般过去时★★★★★★
用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, two days ago 等
注意：在一般过去时中涉及到谓语动词过去式的变化 规则变化
1. 一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed, 如：work—worked play—played want—wanted ask—asked 2. 以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d, 如：live—lived move—moved taste—tasted 3. “以辅音字母+y” 结尾的动词把y改成i, 再+ed, 如： study—studies try—tried copy—copied carry—carried
4. 重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加—ed, 如：stop—stopped 不规则变化 见课本附录
〖及时巩固〗
1. He _____(visit) the Great Wall last year. 2. We________(have) a good time yesterday.
3. A boy on a bike (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. (2014 全国卷2)
4. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killing and (be) too violent for use at the table. (2016 全国卷3)
5. It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care.(2015 全国卷1) 6. (改错)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. (2015 全国卷1)
7. (改错) Tony was scared and begun to cry. (2015 全国卷2)
8. (改错) As I tell you last time, I made three new friends here. (2015 四川卷)
三、一般将来时 ★
1. 将来时的构成为: will/be going to + 动词原形。表示一个将要发生的动作或状态 --Dr. Jackson is not in the office at the moment. --All right. I will call him later.
The students are going to plant some trees. 2. 表达将来时的特殊句式： ①. be about to do
The train is about to leave
注: 与并列连词when连用, 表示 “正打算.....这时......” I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
②. “祈使句+and/or+句子”, 这种结构中and 后面的句子谓语动词一般用一般将来时 Go straight and you will see the bank.
③. 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要发生的事情，此种用法常常用在火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。
The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.
④. 在if, when, once等引导的从句中, 通常用一般现在时态, 而主句用一般将来时, 这就是通常所说的“主将从现”现象。例如：
If you don't catch the bus, you will go there on foot. 如果你赶不上那趟车，你就要走着去那了。 Once you show any fear, he will attack you. 只要你显出害怕的样子, 他就会向你进攻。
四、现在进行时 ★
1. 现在进行时的构成为: 主语+am/is/are+doing. 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或事情，同时也可以表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事。
2. 一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来
My uncle is leaving for Shanghai at eleven o’clock tomorrow morning.
3. 现在(或过去)进行时与always, often, constantly等副词连用表示说话者的 “赞叹、厌烦、不满”等情绪。
Tom is always coming late for meeting, which makes his boss angry.
〖及时巩固〗
1. I (write) to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday. 2. Now I (live) in a city but I miss my hometown in the countryside.
五、过去进行时 ★ 略
六、完成时态 ★★★★★★ 1、现在完成时
⑴.结构: 主语+have/has+done 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果, 常用的时间状语：already,so far, never, before, recently等
(2). 表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态。常与since+ 过去时间点、 for+ 时间段、in the
last/past+时间等连用
In the past five years, great changes have taken place in China. ⑶. 注意牢记以下句型：
①.It is/has been +时间段+ since... 表示 “自从......以来已经......”. It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university.
②.It/this/that is +the +序数词+time+that 从句 表示 “这/那是某人第几次做某事”, that从句中要使用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I have been here.
〖及时巩固〗
①. In the last few yeas, China (make) great achievements in environment protection. ②. This is the third time that you (be) late for work this week. ③. She (work) in the company since she graduated in 2000. 2. 过去完成时
⑴. 结构：had+done
⑵. 表示在过去某一动作之前完成的动作, 即 “过去的过去”。常与by, before等介词短语或状语从句连用
By the end of last year, we had finished the task completely. ⑶. 记住下列特殊句式：
①. This/that/it was +the +序数词+time+that 从句 “这/那是某人第几次做某事”, that从句中要用过去完成时
This was the first time that I had been here.
②. Hardly...when...和no sooner...than... (意为：一...就...) 两个句型中, 主句都用过去完成时。 Hardly had the match started when we arrived.
〖及时巩固〗
①. Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I (leave) my book in the bus. ②. When Tom arrived, he learned that Marry (leave) for almost an hour. ③. That was the second time that I (meet) her at the same place.
④. By the end of yesterday, we (receive) 100 letters from all over the world.
高三英语贰级部语法复习之: 语态篇
前
言: 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态, 也就是说只有及物动词才有被动语态。在我们汉语中往往用\被\、\受\、\给\等被动词来表示被动意义。 一、主动语态 略
二、被动语态 ★★★★★★
基本结构：主语+be+done(动词过去分词) Many trees are planted.
各种重要时态下的被动语态构成(时态与语态的结合)： 一般现在时: is/are done 一般过去时：was done 一般将来时：will be done 过去将来时: would be done
现在完成时: have/has been done 过去完成时: had been done
〖及时巩固〗
1. Sometimes chopsticks(筷子) are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. (2016 全国卷3)
2.(改错) In the past two years, many activities have organized in our school.
3. To my surprise, I (choose) from hundreds of applicants(求职者) to attend the opening ceremony last month. (2015 四川卷)
4. (改错) Great changes have been taken place in the city in the past 10 years.
5. (改错) One day, the school held a party, where I invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me a lot of things about China.
6. We are confident that the environment (improve) by our further efforts(努力).
7. (改错)Some highways have to shut down(关闭) because of the low visibility(能见度) in winter.
8. (改错)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a serious problem.(2015. 全国卷)