发布时间 : 星期六 文章【最新】北京市海淀区2019-2020届高三第二学期期中考试练习(一模)英语试卷含答案.doc更新完毕开始阅读6ec6ad6ff80f76c66137ee06eff9aef8941e48fe
life was changed forever,”Chris says.
He learned that Cook had no family living in California and that she suffered from a long list of
illnesses, including leukemia (白血病）.The pair quickly became close friends, as Chris took her to doctor’s appointments, cooked with her and they ran errands together. He shared their adventures on social media.
But recently, Cook’s health declined and she was in and out of the hospital several times. She once spent weeks in the hospital fighting pneumonia (肺炎）and breathing issues. Eventually Cook was told by one of her doctors that she could no longer live at home unless she had 24-hour care. Because Cook had no money saved to pay her health care costs, Chris started a GoFundMe account to help cover her bills. But caretakers are expensive and Cook quickly went through the $34,445 they raised. Knowing her days at home were limited, Chris invited Cook to move in with him to save money.
“She loves it! I do most of my work at home so I am here most of the time to care for her. It only made sense to both of us, ” Chris wrote. “She is my adopted grandmother after all and I am her grandson she never had.”
“Cook still has weekly hospice health care visits and regular visits from caregivers, so any funds raised cover those expenses,”he wrote.
Though doctors say Cook’s days are very limited, the pair are enjoying spending time together drinking champagne and snuggling with her cat, Hermes, who also made the move.
“She does not want to change, ”Chris told Today. “My apartment was the only place she would have moved. She has strong opinions about where she wants to carry out the rest of her days, and she wants to stay here. ”
Chris says he feels like the relationship was fate. “Moving her in....it feels as though it was meant to be all along, ” he said. “It’s really fulfilling （有成就感的）to be there for her.”
40. Chris invited Cook to live with him because she . A. had no other family members
B. was unable to afford 24-hour care C. shared similar adventures with him
D. was told not to live at home by the doctor 41. From the passage, we can learn that Chris ? A. worked as an actor for GoFundMe
B. was legally adopted as Cook5s grandson C. collected money for Cook’s private care D. paid Cook’s expensive health care costs
42. Which of the following words can best describe Chris? A. Kind and sympathetic, B. Optimistic and friendly. C. Patient and enthusiastic. D. Warm-hearted and outgoing.
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C
The Lifecycle of a T-shirt
We all probably have a lot of T-shirts, but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a T-shirt on the planet? You’d probably be surprised to learn what's involved in the lifecycle of just one T-shirt.
There are 5 major stages: material, production, shipping, use and disposal The material stage
involves farming, irrigating, fertilizing, harvesting and ginning. While cotton is a natural fiber (纤维）and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers, it still takes a toll in the material and production stages. Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water, and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂）is widespread across the globe, especially in cotton farming. Studies have shown that farmers spend around $4.1 billion on pesticides annually, of which 25% was spent on cotton crops in the US.
Once the cotton is grown and harvested, so begins the production stage: spinning, knitting, bleaching, dyeing, cutting, sewing, etc.——these processes also use a great deal of water and energy. Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute groundwater.
After the T-shirt is produced, it enters the transportation stage. This often involves overseas shipping. Take a look in your closet. Chances are that most of your cotton garments (衣服）are made in China or India. Garments can be shipped via plane, ship or truck…，all of which spill CO2 into the atmosphere. Calculations show that C02 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.
Once the T-shirt reaches the retail market, it is purchased. This stage may seem like the least
environmentally damaging part. But consider the number of times you5ve washed and dried your favorite T-shirt. Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient. However, the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year, using about 40 gallons of water per load. Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.
The final stage of life is disposal. This releases harmful emissions, or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down. Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled, which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.
We all need new clothes every once in a while, but let’s all try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing... It has a real impact on the planet. There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact. Reuse and recycle clothes. If they5re too worn out to wear, cut them up and use them as cleaning rags. Donate them to charity or another organization that recycles textiles. When possible, make an effort to buy organic cotton. Turn down the thermostat on your washer, and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.
43. The underlined phrase “takes a toll” probably means “ ”
A. wastes water B. takes a lot of time C. uses energy D. has a bad effect 44. We can learn from the passage that in the US, .
A. pesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every year
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B. C02 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mile
C. about 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of materials that are recycled D. about 16, 000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry 45. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. The production process may affect water safety.
B .The clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.
C. Cotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.
D. The use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages. 46. What is the purpose of this article?
A. To encourage people to donate clothes to charity. B. To promote eco-friendly actions related to clothes. C. To persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.
D. To introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing.
D
Eudaimonia is an Ancient Greek word, particularly stressed by the philosophers Plato and Aristotle, which deserves far more attention than it has because it corrects the shortfalls (缺失）in one of the most central, but troubling words in our modem language: happiness.
When we nowadays try to clearly express the purpose of our lives，it is the word “happiness” that we commonly turn to. We tell ourselves and others that the most important principle for our jobs, our relationships and the conduct of our day-to-day lives is the pursuit of happiness. It sounds like an innocent enough idea, but too much reliance on the term means that we frequently unfairly tend to quit or, at least, heavily question a great many challenging but worthwhile situations. The Ancient Greeks did not believe that the purpose of life was to be happy; they proposed that it was to achieve Eudaimonia, a word which has been best translated as “fulfilment”.
What distinguishes happiness from fulfilment is pain. It is very possible to be fulfilled and—at the same time—under pressure, suffering physically or mentally, overburdened and, quite frequently, in an irritable (易怒的）mood. This is a slight psychological difference that is hard for the word “happiness” to capture, for it’s tricky to speak of being happy yet unhappy, or happy yet suffering. However, such a combination is readily accommodated within the respected and noble-sounding idea of Eudaimonia.
The word encourages us to trust that many of life’s most worthwhile projects will sometimes be in conflict with contentment, and yet will be worth pursuing. Properly exploring our professional talents, managing a household, keeping a relationship going, creating a new business venture or engaging in politics... none of these goals are likely to leave us cheerful and grinning on a daily basis. They will, in fact, involve us in all manner of challenges that will deeply exhaust and weaken us, provoke (激怒）and wound us. And yet we will perhaps, at the end of our lives, still feel that the tasks were worth undertaking. Through them, we’ll have achieved something deeper and more interesting than happiness.
With the word Eudaimonia in mind, we can stop imagining that we are aiming for a pain-free
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existence—and then blaming ourselves unfairly for being in a bad mood. We’ll know that we are trying to do something far more important than smile all the time: we're striving to do justice to our full human potential.
47. What do we know about “Eudaimonia” from the passage? A. It was first created by two Greek philosophers.
B . It has received a lot of attention from the public. C. It still has some shortfalls that need to be corrected. D. It was regarded as the purpose of life in ancient Greece. 48. According to Paragraph 3, happiness . A. is the opposite of fulfillment
B. is free from physical or mental pain C. stresses the psychological difference D. serves as a respected and noble life goal 49. We can leam from the passage that .
A. aiming for happiness may lead to wrong self-blaming B. goals that wound and weaken us result in happiness
C. challenges leading to contentment are worth undertaking D. feeling fulfilled means we should avoid tough situations 50. The passage encourages the readers to .
A. find fulfillment with all efforts B. seek for a pain-free existence C. keep optimistic whatever happens D. balance happiness and suffering
第二节（共5小题；毎小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。
Radar is an electronic device that detects planes, ships, coastlines, landmarks, and even storm clouds. The name radar comes from the first letters of the words radio direction and ranging. As the human eye uses light waves to see, radar “sees” with radio waves. Without radar, planes could not land safely in bad weather and ships could not move safely in thick fog. 51
In the 1800s it was discovered that radio waves could be reflected from objects. But scientists did not make great advances in radar research until the 1930s, when the world was threatened by war. 52 It has been used widely in almost every conflict since then.
Echoes make it possible for radar to work. When a beam of radio waves is sent out, it strikes on an object and returns an echo. This echo is picked up by radar and recorded on a screen similar to television screen. On the screen an observer sees a flash, or a blip, that shows the direction and distance of the object. 53
Airport control towers use radar to guide planes in for safe landings. Almost all large ships depend on radar to prevent collisions with icebergs or other ships. 54 Weather forecasters “see” the size, direction, and speed of storms on radar screens. Astronomers can even use radar to measure accurately the distance to the moon. Thus, the device has generated major advancements.
55 Huge radar antennas have been installed all over the United States. They guard
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