发布时间 : 星期日 文章考研英语从句分类更新完毕开始阅读6db1b00d6c85ec3a87c2c585
内，一定关注used为过去分词，作argument的后置定语，to support the idea是不定式，作目的状语；第二个括号内是that．．．and that．．．引导的两个并列结构，作前面idea的同位语从句，其中第一个that从句的主语是employment，谓体是will continue to be，表语是the dominant form of work，第二个that从句的主语是employment，谓语是will?become，表语是available，介词短语for all who want让作范围状语，实际上，available for已构成固定搭配，参见知识链接，who want it作a11的定语从句，让指代前面的employment。这句话翻译时首先要处理主句，即One argument is that working time will continue to fall，再将后置定语used to support the idea和两个that同位语从句单独翻译。
【知识链接】 argument观点，论点；employment就业，联想记忆：employee雇员；employer雇主，老板；unemployment失业；dominant主要的，统治性的；eventually最终；sth．is available for sb提供给某人某物。
6. Death is a dramatic, one-time crisis while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces, a bittersweet coming to terms with one’s. own personality and one’s life.
【参考译文】死亡是戏剧化的一次性危机，而老年却是日复一日、年复一年与强大的内外力量抗争的过程，即逐渐认识自我个性和生命的苦乐参半的过程。
【结构分析】 该句可拆分为三大段：(Deathi3adramatic，one-time crisis)(while old age is a day-by-day and year-by-year confrontation with powerful external and internal forces，)(a bittersweet coming，to terms with one’s own personality and one’s life)，第一、二段是由while连接的两个并列句，第三段是一个动名词短语，作前面confrontation的同位语；第一段中Death是主语，is是谓语，crisis是表语，dramatic，one-time均作crisis的定语，第二段中old age是主语，is是谓语，confrontation是表语，day-by-day，year-by-year均作confrontation的定语，with．．．forces是
介词短语，作confrontation的后置定语，powerful，external，internal三词作forces的并列定语，第三段的核心结构是coming to terms with．．．，with引导的介词短语作terms的后定语。该句翻译时要将同位语结构单独作为一个句子处理。
【知识链接】 dramatic戏剧性的(来自drama戏剧)；one-time一次性的；crisis危机；while而(表转折)；day-by-day日复一日的；year-by-year年复一年的；confrontation对抗，斗争(源自confront面对)；external外在的，外部的(前缀ex-表“外”)；internal内在的(前缀in-表“里”)，bittersweet苦乐参半的，有苦有甜的；come to terms with?与??相识，了解??，如：He likes to come to terms with celebrities他喜欢结交名人；personality个性。
7. The tragedy of old age is not the fact that each of us must grow old and die but that the process of doing so has been made unnecessarily and at times excruciatingly painful, humiliating, debilitating and isolating through insensitivity, ignorance and poverty.
【参考译文】 老年的悲剧并不在于我们每个人必会衰老直至死亡，而在于这样的过程由于麻木不仁、愚昧无知以及贫困潦倒而有时变得痛苦难耐、备受屈辱、心力交瘁。
【结构分析】 该句的主干结构为；The tragedy．．．is not the，fact that．．．but that．．．，The tragedy是主语，is是谓语，not the fact，but．．．作表语，but之后省略了the fact，两个that引导的从句作the fact的同位语；第一个that从句中grow是系动词；第二个that从句的主干为：the process．．．has been made painful， humiliating， debilitating and isolating。 painful，humiliating，debilitating，，isolating四个形容词作主语the process的补足语；through insensitivity，ignorance and poverty是介词短语作状语，of doing so介词短语作the process的后置定语，so指代前面的grow old and die；unnecessarily and excruciatingly为并列副词，
修饰其后的四个形容词，at times是时间状语。翻译第二个同位语从句时要把through介词短语移至前面，这是英译汉常见的变通原则。
【知识链接】tragedy悲剧，联想记忆：comedy喜剧；grow old衰老；unnecessarily不必要的；at times有时；excruciatingly难以忍受地；painful痛苦的(来自pain痛苦)，联想记忆：painless没有痛苦的，毫不费力的；humiliating令人屈辱的；debilitating虚弱的；isolating孤独的；
insensitivity麻木不仁(来自sensitive敏感的)，联想记忆：sensible明智的，senseless没有道理的；ignorance无知(来自ignore忽视)，联想记忆：ignorant无知的，be ignorant of．．．对??不了解，ignorance无知，be in ignorance of．．．．对??不了解；poverty贫困。