发布时间 : 星期一 文章2015-6-Mandarins-TGG - 图文更新完毕开始阅读6c7fb9d4de80d4d8d05a4f00
TreeGenetics&Genomes (2015) 11:123 Page13of15 123
differentiatedatthenuclearlevel,havingahighcontributionofmandarinnucleargroupN7,likeC.daoxianensis(80%).RegardingtheN7,itwasdispersedindifferentchlorotypeandcytotypegroups,beingthemostheterogeneouschloroplasticgroup.Tanaka(1954)dividedtheacidmandaringenotypesintotwogroups,withC.reshni,C.sunkiandC.tachibanaingroup4andC.depressaingroup5,whicharejoinedinouranalysisatthenuclearlevel,butseparatedintotwodifferentgroupsatthecytoplasmlevel,includingC.reshni,C.sunkiandC.depressainonecytotypeandC.tachibanainanotherone.
Tanaka(1954)groupedthe36mandarinspeciesthatheconsideredintofiveclusters.Theseclustersarecomparedwiththenucleargroupsfoundinourstudy(Table5).OneclusterincludedthespeciesC.nobilisandC.unshiu,whichseemtobeofinterspecifichybridoriginmandarin×pummeloinouranalysisandareseparatedintotwonucleargroups(N2andN4).Thesecondclusterincludedspeciesnotanalysedinourstudy.Thethirdclusterhad14species,includingC.clementina(consideredinourstudyasahybridandnotapuremandarinspecies),C.deliciosa,C.reticulata(Tan.)andC.tangerina,whichappearinourworkasdifferentmandaringroups(N1,N5andN6).ThefourthTanakagroupwasformedbyC.reshni,C.sunki,andC.tachibana,andthefifthgroupincludedC.depressaandC.lycopersicaeformis.Thesetwogroupsareincludedinauniquenucleargroupinourstudy(N7).Fromthesespecies,C.tachibanaisseparatedatthecytoplasmiclevel.OtherTanakaspecies,suchasC.erythrosaandC.suhuiensis,seemtohaveoriginatedfromhybridisationbetweenmandaringroups.
Hodgson(1967)dividedthemandarinsintofourgroups:C.unshiu,C.reticulata(Tan.)(‘Ponkan’,‘Dancy’,clementines),C.deliciosaandC.nobilis(‘King’).Threegroupsarefullyinagreementwithourresults,C.deliciosa(N1),C.nobilis(N2)andC.unshiu(N4).ThefourthgroupdefinedbyHodgson,C.reticulata(Tan.),includedaknownhybrid(C.clementina,mixofgroupN1andN3)andtwogenotypes,‘Ponkan’,whichiswithintheC.reticulata(Tan.)group(N5),and‘Dancy’,withabigcontributionofthisgroup(75%).
Thecontributionsofthesevenmandaringroupsidentifiedinthemandaringermplasm(Fig.4),besidesthecontributionsoftheotherancestraltaxaandFortunella(Fig.2),wereesti-matedfortheentire‘mandarin-like’collection.Theseanalysesrevealedthatthegenomesofmost‘mandarin-like’genotypesarecomplexadmixturesofthemandaringroupsandevenincludecontributionsfromtheotherancestralpopulations.Mostofthehybridswithknownoriginsdisplayedadmix-turecoherentwiththegenomicstructuresoftheirsupposedparents.Becausemostoftheseparentsarethemselveshetero-zygoteadmixed,theproportionofeachgenomeinthehybridvarietyisnotinheritedinanadditiveway(i.e.thesumofhalfsharesofeachparent)butinsteaddependsontherecombina-tionandsegregationoccurringineachparentalgamete(Motohashietal.1992).
Forsomeaccessions,theadmixturestructuredidnotagreewiththeirsupposedparents.Inthesecases,allelecheckingconfirmedthatthesupposedparentaloriginswereerroneous.Furtheranalysescouldprovidemorecluestowardtheidenti-ficationofparentsforthesehybrids.
Insummary,thisworkshowsthatthemandarinhorticul-turalvarietalgroupishighlypolymorphicandthatmanyge-notypesbelievedtobepuremandarinshaveintrogressionsfromotherbasictaxaintheirgenomes.Moreover,someofthemexhibitednon-mandarinmaternalphylogeny.Anothercharacteristicofthemandaringroupisthatmanygenotypesoriginatedfromcrossesbetweenmandarins.Thesedatapointoutthatmanymandarins(includingancientgenotypescomingfromthemandarinareaoforigin)arereallyhybridsandnotpuremandarins.Thisideaisinagreementwiththerecentresultsobtainedfromafewmandarins’sequencedgenomes,leadingtotheuncertaintyofwhichis/aretheancestralman-darin/s,whichhas/havenotbeenidentifiedyet.
Thisworkhasprovidednewinsightsintomandarinstruc-turation,anditwillhelpforabettermanagementofthetwogermplasmcollectionsstudied,itwillallowthe
Table5ComparisonofthemandarinorganisationbetweentheTanakagroupsandthenucleargroupsfoundinthisstudy
N1
(C.deliciosa)
N2
(C.nobilis)X?
N3
(mandarinhybrids)
N4
(C.unshiu)X?
N5
(C.reticulata)
N6
(C.tangerina)
N7
(acidmandarins)
Tanaka\\nucleargroups(N)Tanakagroup1Tanakagroup2Tanakagroup3Tanakagroup4Tanakagroup5
?X
?
?X?X
?XX
Tanakagroup1includedC.nobilis,C.unshiuandC.yatsushiro;group2includedC.keraji,C.otoandC.toragayo;group3included14species,suchasC.reticulata,C.deliciosa,C.clementinaandC.tangerina;group4includedC.reshni,C.sunkiandC.tachibana;andgroup5includedC.depressaandC.lycopersicaeformis.(?)Specieswithinthisgroupnotpresentinourstudy.Genotypespresentinnucleargroup(N3)notpresentintheTanakaclassification
123 Page14of15implementationofadatabasewithallthemolecularcharac-terisationandisalreadyhelpingtoselectthepropergenotypestoperformnewcrossesinordertogeneratenewdiversityandtodefinenewstrategiesforthecitrustriploidbreedingpro-grammethatisbeingcarriedout.
AcknowledgmentsThisworkwassupportedbyagrant(AGL2011-26490)fromtheMinistryofEconomyandInnovation-FondoEuropeodeDesarrolloRegional(FEDER),Spain.
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