发布时间 : 星期五 文章专题01-2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习-阅读理解(原卷版)更新完毕开始阅读62eac5cb182e453610661ed9ad51f01dc38157e7
2021高考英语真题分类拔高练习01
1.（2020·天津）阅读理解
For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.
Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can't let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.
For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let's say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.
Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, \area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the
1
科普环保类
atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.
（1）What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD? A.It causes temporary hearing loss. B.It slows down a running man. C.It makes it easy to identify a suspect. D.It keeps the suspect from hurting others.
（2）The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________. A.silence the people around you B.remove the sound of commercials C.block the incoming sound waves D.stop unwanted sound from affecting you
（3）What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share? A.They travel in circles. B.They clear the atmosphere.
C.They can be transformed into energy. D.They can be directed onto a specific area.
（4）Directed sound can be used for ________. A.creative designs of restaurant menus B.ideal sound effects on the theater stage C.different choices of music for businesses D.strict control over any suspicious customer （5）What does the passage focus on? A.How professionals invented sound products. B.Inventions in the field of sound technology. C.The growing interest in the study of sound. D.How sound engineers work in their studios. 2.（2020·江苏）阅读理解
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
2
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue. Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
3
（1）The underlined expression \\ A.digest the meal easily B.manage without breakfast C.decide wisely what to eat D.eat whatever is offered
（2）Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment? A.Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people. B.Their lack of exercise led to overweight. C.They could walk at an average speed. D.They had slow metabolic rates.
（3）What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise? A.They successfully lost weight. B.They consumed a bit more calories. C.They burned more fat on average. D.They displayed higher insulin levels.
（4）What could be learned from the research? A.A workout after breakfast improves gene performances. B.Too much workout often slows metabolic rates. C.Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise. D.Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health. 3.（2020·新高考I）阅读理解
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
4