发布时间 : 星期日 文章江苏省南京市金陵中学海安高级中学南京外国语学校2019届高三第四次模拟考试英语试题 含解析更新完毕开始阅读5bad03c2a9114431b90d6c85ec3a87c241288a2b
But a second look leads to a different assessment. Rather than causing a panic, the studies should act as a timely warning and a reason to take precautions. That is because the worst fears are unproven. There are no studies at all of wild insect numbers in most of the world. Reliable data are too scarce to declare a global emergency.
Moreover, where the evidence does show a collapse—in Europe and America—agricultural and rural ecosystems are holding up. Farm production still remains high. As some insect species die out, others seem to be moving into the niches (生态位) they have left, keeping ecosystems going, although with less biodiversity than before. It is hard to argue that insect decline is yet causing significant economic damage.
But there are complications. Agricultural productivity is not the only measure of environmental health. Animals have value, independent of any direct economic contribution they may make. The more species make up an ecosystem, the more stable it is likely to be. The extinction of a few insect species among so many might not make a big difference. The loss of hundreds of thousands would.
And the scale of the observed decline raises doubts about how long ecosystems can remain resilient (能复原的). An experiment in which researchers gradually pulled out insect pollinators from fields found that plant diversity held up well until about 90% of insects had been removed. Then it collapsed. Given the lack of data, it is impossible to know how close Europe and America are to an ecosystem collapse. But it would be reckless to find out by actually triggering one.
58. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph imply? A. Ecologists have long been afraid of those disgusting insects. B. Ecologists are worried about the disappearance of some insects
C. Ecologists have already got rid of the prejudiced feeling about insects. D. Ecologists are respectful of the insect’s ability to regenerate themselves. 59. What conclusion can we draw from the studies conducted in the past 2 years? A. Though there is a decline in the number of insects, we still have the reason
.
to be optimistic.
B. Biodiversity can cause immediate damage so that we should take precautions right away.
C. Data collected from all over the world is convincing to prove our environment is at risk.
D. The consequence of decreasing biodiversity may be more serious than we can imagine.
60. What is the purpose of writing the passage? A. To show the magical power of our mother nature. B. To analyze why insects are on the edge of extinction. C. To draw people’s attention to the decreasing insects. D. To urge the scientists to collect more data about insects. 【答案】58. B 59. D 60. C 【解析】 【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文说明了昆虫危机还没迫在眉睫，但是需要采取预防措施。否则后果不堪设想。 【58题详解】
推理判断题题。由第二段“However, ecologists increasingly see the insect world as something to be frightened for, not frightened of. In the past two years, scores of scientific studies have suggested that trillions of murmuring, droning, honeybees, butterflies and beetles are dying off. “If all mankind were to disappear”, wrote E.O.Wilson, a respectable entomologist, “the world would regenerate… If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos”可知，然而，生态学家越来越多地把昆虫世界看作是应该警惕的东西，而不是可怕的东西。在过去的两年里，大量的科学研究表明，数以万亿计的嗡嗡低语的蜜蜂、蝴蝶、石蛾、豆娘（一种蜻蜓）和甲虫正在消失。如果所有的人类都消失了，”昆虫学家元老E·O·威尔逊（E.O.Wilson）写道，“世界还会再生……但如果昆虫消失了，环境就会陷入混乱。所以通过E·O·威尔逊所说的话可以判断出，第一段中带下划线的句子暗示出，生态学家担心一些昆虫的消失。故B选项正确。 【59题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“ That is because the worst fears are unproven。There are no studies at all of wild insect numbers in most of the world. ”可知，这是因为最糟糕的恐惧还没有得到证实。目前世界上大部分地区对野生昆虫的数量还没有研究。所以由关键词“the worst fears ，unproven，no studies”进行反向推理，可以判断如果世界上大部分地区对野生昆虫的数量有研究的话，最糟糕的恐惧就会得到证实。故我们能从过去两年的研究中得出结论：生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。故D选项正确。 【60题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，短文说明了昆虫危机还没迫在眉睫，但是需要预防措施。昆虫是生态系统健康的指标。他们的衰落是一个警告，提醒我们要注意这一点，否则一切都太晚了。所以写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对正在减少的昆虫的注意。故C选项正确。
【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
由第三段“ That is because the worst fears are unproven。There are no studies at all of wild insect numbers in most of the world. ”可知，这是因为最糟糕的恐惧还没有得到证实。目前世界上大部分地区对野生昆虫的数量还没有研究。所以由关键词“the worst fears ，unproven，no studies”进行反向推理，可以判断如果世界上大部分地区对野生昆虫的数量有研究的话，最糟糕的恐惧就会得到证实。故我们能从过去两年的研究中得出什么结论：生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。故小题2的正确选项为D选项。
C
The advent of warm weather here in Maine calls for a seasonal ritual that, for me, puts an end to winter—fetching the wooden screen door.
Note that I wrote “wooden”. The aluminum models just won’t do it—they close too neatly and keep their perfect form for decades. In the 1960s, a time of imperfection, there was no perfect house, no perfect car, no perfect kids or parents. Why should a screen door be an exception?
I grew up with my siblings in a working-class neighborhood in New Jersey.
When the warm weather arrived, my dad would pull out the wooden screen door and install it over the back door, which could then be left wide open, admitting a refreshing breeze (we had no air conditioning).
My father was a Mr. Fix-it, so keeping the screen door serviceable was one of his hobbies. Every few years he gave it a fresh coat of paint and fixed it a bit. I distinctly remember him putting the last screw in the last hinge (铰链), and swinging the door shut with a “crack!”
A good, wooden screen door, unsightly as it was, had an invaluable function in the age of the stay-at-home mom: It alerted her to the coming and going of the kids. My siblings, and my friends ran in and out of the house, tearing the screen door open and letting it slap shut behind us. A hundred times a day. It was all good, and my mom never complained about the noise, because that was the purpose of a wooden screen door—to slam shut and thereby announce that her children were within earshot.
Several years ago, in a fit of nostalgia (怀旧), I went shopping for a wooden screen door. I was disappointed in the choices available. They looked a bit too solid, too well made. But I found one online, and within a week it was delivered to my doorstep.
The firm had sent me one with the wrong dimensions, so I asked my carpenter to make the necessary adjustments. Ozzie worked away at it for a couple of hours until he got it to sit neatly in its frame. I gave it a test: I pulled it open and let go. It closed in a lazy fashion. “Not good,” I pronounced. “Please remove the automatic door closer and adjust the door so it swings shut with a good crack.”
Ozzie went about his work and a short while later the task was done. The door was uneven in its frame, and the screen no longer lay flat. But when I pulled open the door and released it, the thing clapped shut like a rifle shot. “What do you think?” I asked. “It looks like hell,” said Ozzie. “But it sounds like heaven,” I said. And I, being the owner of the door—and the memory—had the final word.
61. What particular function did the wooden screen door perform in the writer’s