发布时间 : 星期二 文章句子的种类及句子分析题更新完毕开始阅读5a24e97ab52acfc788ebc95b
句子的种类
（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）
The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人名共和国成立于1949年。 He did not finish his home work yesterday。他昨天没有完成作业。 She is working for a foreign company.她正在为一家外国公司工作。 They have all read the book.他们都已读过了这本书。
2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a. 一般疑问句（General Questions）：
英语的一般问句要用倒装语序，即：把情态动词、助动词、系动词或动词have（有）提到主语前。例如：
Can you finish the work in time?你能按时完成工作吗？ Is your brother a public servant？你弟弟是公务员吗？
Do you have a car?(Have you a car?) 你有车吗？ Has she attended the report? 她听报告了吗？
Did they pass the driving tesr? 他们驾照考试通过了吗？ Do you think it will rain tomorrow? 你认为明天会下雨吗？ b 特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）：
有疑问词引导的问句叫特殊问句，疑问词作主语或主语的定语时用正装语序；疑问词作其他成分时用倒装语序。例如：
Who is standing there?谁站在那儿？（疑问词作主语，语序正装）
What had happened to you before I came here? 我来钱你到底怎么哪？（疑问词作主语，语序正装） Which book isn’t yours, boy? 孩子那本书不是你的？（疑问词作主语，语序正装） Whose car is parked there? 谁的车子停在那儿？（疑问词作主语，语序正装） Who(m) are you waiting for here?你在这儿等谁？（疑问词作主语，语序正装） Where do you live? 你住那儿？（疑问词作主语，语序正装）
When were you born?你什么时候出生的？（疑问词作主语，语序正装）
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？（疑问词作主语，语序正装）
Why does he walk to work every day? 他为什么每天步行去上班？（疑问词作主语，语序正装） c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
用or连接并列成分或两个一般问句来表示选择。例如：
Shall we have the meeting in the classroom or in the office? 我们是在教室还是在办公室开会？ Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
Is he your father or your uncle? 他是你爸爸还是你叔叔？
Did you arrive on Sunday or on Monday? 你是星期天还是星期一到的？
Are you going to stay at home or go with us for a walk? 你是打算呆在家里还是跟我们出去散步？ Shall I go to get you at the station or will you get back by taxi? 是我去车站接你，还是你打的回来？ d. 反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
在一个陈述句的后面再加一个省略一般问句构成反义问句，反义问句前后句主语相同，谓语形式相同，但肯定和否定形式相反。例如：
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He knows her, doesn’t he? 他认识你，对吗？
He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？ 反义问句的特殊情况很多，应当记住。 3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告或建议等。 常用下列几种句型。例如：
1、以动词原形开头的祈使句。这些句子的主语通常都是第二人称“you”。 Take this seat. 坐这个位子。 Do be careful. 千万要小心！ Don't move, please. 请别动。 Don't be nervous! 别紧张！
2、以let开头的祈使句。Let's 包括说话者，Let us 不包括说话者。例如： Let's have another try.咱们再试一下。
Let us have another try. 请（你）让我们再试一下。 Let's not talk of that matter.咱们不谈那件事。
Let us not talk of that matter.请让我们不谈那件事。 3、带主语的祈使句。谓语动词任然用原型。例如： God bless me. 上帝保佑我！
You feed the chicks today, Tom. 汤姆，今天你喂鸡。（吩咐任务。） 4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：感叹句是表示说话人赞美、惊叹、喜悦、愤怒等感情的句子。 1、标准感叹句 通常有感叹词what, how引导， what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，其主谓用正装语序，常用省略形式。其常见句型有。例如： what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：
1. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如： What an apple this is! What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What kind women they are! What nice music it is!
how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is!
How quickly the boy is writing!
注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。 How the runner runs!
what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如： What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful building it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如： What a nice present!（省略it is）
How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语） 2、一般感叹句
在任何一个词、词组或句子后加感叹号，即为感叹句，如： Dear! 天哪！
What colors and designs! 这颜色，这图案真漂亮！ You was running really fast! 你跑得真快！ Didn’t he know it! 他难道不知道！
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I’ve got so much from your report! 从你的报告中我真学到了很多东西！
（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如： She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 (主) (谓)
2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主) (谓) (主) (谓) (宾) 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。 3） 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 主句 从句
我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：
英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的： 1）主 + 动（SV）例如： I work. 我工作。
2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如： John is busy. 约翰忙。
3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如： She studies English. 她学英语。
4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：
Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。 5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：
My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。 试分析下面句子的种类：
1. Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。 2. I have failed, but I’ll try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。 3. I hope he is on time. 希望他能准时到。
4. Tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来就告诉他。
5. That is the house which we built. 这就是我们盖的房子。 6. He soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。 7. Do you know French? 你懂法语吗?
8. Who are you talking about? 你们在谈谁? 9. Come this way, madam. 这边走，夫人。
10. Let’s go to the cinema tonight. 今晚咱们去看电影。 11. How cold it is! 天气真冷!
12. What a clever boy! 真是个聪明的男孩！ 分析并理解下面句子：
1. Two years ago my grandmother was going to turn 75.
2. New York –Whales and dolphins are facing increasing threats from climate change 3. Americans choose names for their children with care.
4. Parents usually think about the impression a name gives, not its meaning. 5. People change names in order to be popular with the new generation.
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6. A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan.
7.Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift — $ 7,000, a legacy (遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident.
8. It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million
9. Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’t’ t afford it.
10. They had their children during the Great Depression.
11. Therefore, people are making efforts to handle this problem.
12. The use of fluoride (氟化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world.
13. Dentists say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear—usually at around six months. 14. They stayed for an hour and chatted before heading home to prepare for a visit from Santa.
15. ―It feels good to prepare food with our kids for other people at Christmas,‖ says Gary. says Gary. ―We want them to know that many people don’t have the ability to go to the supermarket and pick the foods they want to eat and pay for them.‖
15. Breast milk, they say, is the best food for the development of teeth
16. At 14 or 15, you can work part-time after school or on weekends, and during summer you can work 40 hours each week.
17. Earning is learning. By working to earn your own money, you are learning the skills you will need to succeed in life. These skills can include things like getting along with others, using technology and using your time. 18. We all know that it is possible for ordinary people to make their homes on the equator ( 赤道 ), although often they may feel uncomfortably hot there.
19. So it may surprise you to learn that, when traveling by air, it is really safer to fly over the North Pole than
over the equator.
20. Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again.
21. Swedish businessman Nile Bergqvist is delighted with his new hotel, the world’s first igloo hotel. 22. After their stay, all visitors receive a survival certificate（证书）recording their success. 23. Two women friends who want to do several all-day hikes in the mountains during the spring.
24.Years ago a John Hopkins professor gave a group of graduate students this task: Go to the slums（贫民窟）. Take 200 boys, between the ages of 12 and 16, and look into their background and environment, then predict their chances for the future.
25. He was brave and loved to visit and explore new places.
26. Public schools in Washington, D.C. provide students with musical instruments for free.
27. Many teachers and professors like this story and use it to help children develop creativity and imagination. 28.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being ignored by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.
29. He was a businessman and he helped them improve production.
30. He grew up in a small town in Ohio and then went to Kent State University for one year.
31. He wanted to meet someone nice and get married, but he just couldn’t seem to get close to anyone.
32. In fact, every time I give blood, I think of my blood running in a man or a woman’s veins, someone who has become my brother or my sister through a transfusion. 33. The true fact of smoking is disease．death and honor．
34. Canada has used similar pictures and warnings on cigarette packs since 2000． 35. Odland isn’t the only CEO to have made this discovery.
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