发布时间 : 星期五 文章碳关税对中国出口贸易的影响及对策研究更新完毕开始阅读59717729f524ccbff12184fd
江苏师范大学商学院毕业论文
碳关税对中国出口贸易的影响及对策研究
摘要：
全球气候变化是当今国际社会关注的热门问题，也是目前国际学术界争相研究的一大热点问题。实施二氧化碳减排，发展低碳经济也己成为各国竞争的焦点。从可持续发展的角度来说，“低碳经济”是一个全新的经济发展模式，有助于减缓气候变暖的进程，体现人与自然和谐共处的理念。碳关税也因其保护环境的征收名义和顺应低碳经济发展的趋势而得到西方发达国家的推崇，但实际上碳关税对改善气候的作用大小还有待于考究。 从本质上看，西方征收“碳关税”一旦成为现实，不仅会使西方国家在短期内达到贸易保护的目的，也会使其在节能环保的“低碳经济”时代保持经济和技术上的优势，占据领导地位，遏制发展中国家的经济腾飞。国际贸易的发展结构也将因为碳关税的实施而发生深层次的变动，中国作为世界上最大的贸易出口国势必受到较大冲击，因为碳关税的标的物是耗能水平较高的贸易产品，体现为进出口的税收限制，这和中国的出口产品耗能水平较高的现实恰好应对。
在阅读相关的国内外文献和理论研究成果的基础上，将理论与实践相结合，运用定量与定性的研究方法，并结合整体分析方法全面的分析碳关税对中国的影响，然后提出相关的政策建议。首先，归纳总结出碳关税的概念特征及理论基础，理清碳关税的作用机理，进而明确下一步的研究方向。然后，对中国目前的贸易状况和商品结构进行介绍，并运用投入产出法对出口商品的含碳量进行侧算，在此基础上分析碳关税实施对中国出口贸易的影响。目前中国出口市场以第二产业为主，高碳、高耗能产品是出口市场的主力，碳关税的征收短期内会引起企业生产成本上升、出口量下降等问题，但长远看有利于中国优化出口结构、加快经济转型、构建环境友好型社会。最后，根据碳关税对中国的影响结果分析，提出合理的应对措施。其中包括国际和国内两个层面国际上我们可以扩大交流合作、积极参与国际碳规则制定、利用6}T0争端解决机制等方式维护自身利益，国内方面，政府应该大力推动服务贸易发展、促进高碳技术升级低碳技术创新、开发新能源、创建碳税制度、完善碳交易市场，在规避碳关税的同时促进低碳经济发展，继续走可持续发展道路
关键词:碳关税;CGE模型;出t_-1贸易Abstract
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江苏师范大学商学院毕业论文
Abstract
Global warming issue is one of international popular problems now, also be controversial issue to study in academia at present. The implementation of carbon dioxide emissions, and developing low-carbon economy have become the focus competitiveness all over the world. From the perspective of sustainable development, \demode of economic development, it is contribute to slow down the process of global warming,and embodies the concept of harmonious coexistence between human and the nature. Because of its collecting nominal about environmental protection and conforming to the trend of the develop of low-carbon economy, Carbon tariffs is praised highly by the western developed countries, but in fact the effect of carbon tariffs on improving the environment problems has yet to be fastidious.
After reading related literates and theoretical research results both at home and abroad,combining theory with practice, using quantitative and qualitative research methods, confined the overall analysis method, and then puts forward relevant policy suggestions. First of all,sum up the characteristics and concept ,as well as the theoretical basis of carbon tariffs, clarify the mechanism of the carbon tariffs, and then clear the next research direction. Secondly,introduce current trade situation of China and the commodity structure, and measure carbon content of export commodities with the method of input and output，on this basis analyze the effect of carbon tariff implementation on China's export trade. Now China's export markets is given priority to with the second industry, high carbon and energy-intensive products is the main export market, carbon tariffs can cause enterprise production costs rising in the short term,but the long run it is helpful for China to optimize the export structure, speed up the economic consternation, and build an environment-friendly society Finally, according to the analysis about the influence of carbon tariffs on China, put forward the reasonable counter measures. This countermeasures Include two aspects between international and domestic, we can expand international exchanges and cooperation, actively participate in international carbon rules, Lease the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and other means to maintain our own interests, domestically, develop new sources of energy, create a carbon tax system, improve the carbon trading market, avoid carbon tariffs and promote the development of low carbon economy at the same time, continue to take the sustainable development road.
Keywords:carbon taro; the CGE model: export trade
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江苏师范大学商学院毕业论文
目录
1.1课题背景 ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2研究目的和意义 ......................................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.2研究意义 .......................................................................................................................................... 7 1.3国内外研究现状及评述 ............................................................................................................................. 7
1.3.1国内研究现状 .................................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.2国外研究现状 .................................................................................................................................11 1.3.3国内外研究现状评述 .................................................................................................................... 13 1.4研究内容与研究方法 ............................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.1研究内容 ........................................................................................................................................ 13 1.4.2研究方法 ........................................................................................................................................ 14 2.1碳关税概述 ............................................................................................................................................... 15
2.1.1碳关税的含义 ................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1.2碳关税产生的原因 ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.1.3碳关税的特征 ................................................................................................................................ 19 2.1.4碳关税实施的合理性分析 ............................................................................................................ 20 2.2碳关税概述 ............................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.1比较优势理论 ................................................................................................................................ 22 2.2.2庇古税理论 .................................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.3科斯定理 ........................................................................................................................................ 26 2.3本章小结 ................................................................................................................................................... 28
3.1中国出口贸易概况及出口商品格局 ............................................................................................... 29 3.2中国出口产品碳排放的国际比较 ........................................................................................................... 31 3.3中国出口产品隐含碳实证，一基于投入产出法 ................................................................................... 32
3.3.3分析方法与结果 ............................................................................................................................ 37 4.1碳关税对中国出口贸易的积极影响 ....................................................................................................... 41
4.1.1推动服务业发展 ............................................................................................................................ 41 4.1.2有助于低碳产业链的形成 ............................................................................................................ 41 4.1.3促进高碳产业技术改革 ................................................................................................................ 42 4.2碳关税对中国出口贸易的消极影响 ....................................................................................................... 43
4.2.1增加高碳企业产品出口的成本 .................................................................................................... 43 4.2.2引起制造业出口额下降 ................................................................................................................ 44 4.2.3改变出口商品和贸易方式结构 .................................................................................................... 45 4.2.4增加贸易摩擦恶化出口环境 ........................................................................................................ 46
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江苏师范大学商学院毕业论文
4.3本章小结 ................................................................................................................................................... 47 5.1研究方法的确定 ....................................................................................................................................... 48
5.1.1模型的选用 .................................................................................................................................... 48 5.1.2 CGE模型的选用 ........................................................................................................................... 48 5.2案例与模型的构建 ................................................................................................................................... 49
5.2.1模型假设及模块结构 .................................................................................................................... 50 5.3模型实证结果 ................................................................................................................................... 52 5.4本章小结 ........................................................................................................................................... 55 6.1国际层面的应对策略 ............................................................................................................................... 55
6.1.1提升国际诊缪y与合作交流能力 ................................................................................................ 55 6.1.2积极参与国际对碳关税的立法问题 ............................................................................................ 57 6.1.3自愿承担合理的碳减排义务 ........................................................................................................ 58 6.1.4充分利用WTO争端解决机制 ..................................................................................................... 59 6.2国内层面的应对策略 ............................................................................................................................... 60
6.2.1调整产业结构和出口商品结构 .................................................................................................... 60 6.2.2优化能源结构提高能源利用率 .................................................................................................... 61 6.2.3加强减排技术和低碳技术研发 .................................................................................................... 62 6.2.4加强减排技术和低碳技术研发 .................................................................................................... 63 6.2.5扩大内需图氏外贸依存度 ............................................................................................................ 64 6.2.6构建并推进国内碳税制度 ............................................................................................................ 65 6.2.7完善中国贸易预替壁垒机制 ........................................................................................................ 66 6.3本章小结 ................................................................................................................................................... 67 参考文献 ......................................................................................................................................................... 70
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