发布时间 : 星期四 文章2015全国职称英语等级考试卫生类A级参考答案及解析更新完毕开始阅读4a3e081fa58da0116c1749d3
2015年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类（A级）试题
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. Different hypothesis have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist. A. sentence B. comments C. conclusions D. Theories 2. She is a lovely gracious woman. A. courteous B. curious C. quiet D. shy
3. She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day. A. embraced B. held C. kissed D. patted 4. It was unfortunate that she had erased the message. A. heard of B. looked of C. spoken of D. rubbed out 5. He never grumbled about working overtime. A. talked B. wrote C. spoke D. complained
6. To start with , we need to decide who will preside over the meeting. A. chair B. attend C. celebrate D. prepare 7. I must apologize for my outrageous behavior. A. courageous B. greedy C. angry D. glorious 8. I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time. A. decision B. mistake C. promise D. plan 9. He came back home ，weary and fatigued. A. scared B. worried C. exhausted D. frightened 10. I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday. A. late B. unfriendly C. suddenly D. unfold 11. He was obsessed with American horror movies. A. kept thinking about B. took advantage of C. paid no attention to D. cared nothing about 12. You accusation is wholly without foundation. A. almost B. probably C. cpmpletely D. evidently 13. My room is really very cosy. . A. cool B. comfortable C. cold D. clean
14. Some astronomer contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed. A. predict B. argue C. think D. suggest 15. The woman living next door is extremely slender. A. tall B. weak C. slim D. pale
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
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One-third of parents lack facts about child development
One-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development, including basic concepts about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study finds．
For instance, the study found that many parents don't know that 1-year-olds can't tell the difference between right and wrong, and often don't cooperate or share when playing with other children．
The results are surprising because the parents who took part in the survey had young children, said lead author Dr． Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Medical Center, in New York．\kids go through this development, and they were probably the most knowledgeable of anybody．\
Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents -- 98．6 percent of whom were mothers -- of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies． As part of the survey, the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a baby's development．
The researchers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids．
One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions． Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to account for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy \their children．
A lack of proper understanding of a child's development can cause assorted problems, Paradis said． For example, she said, a mother might expect an 18-month-old child to sit still for a doctor's appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around．
\could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pattern over time,\Paradis said． \could hinder the child's potential for full growth and development．\
The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies' meeting in Honolulu．
One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new parents． \those who are at highest risk, there's an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,\she said． \．\
16. A majority of parents of babies know little about child development．
A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Babies of one year old have no sense of right or wrong．
A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned
18. The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development．
A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned
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19. Most American families are nuclear rather than extended ones．
A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned
20. Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.
A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned
21. Children of one and a half years old like to sit still．
A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned
22. Parent-child interaction can in no way be improved．
A. Right B. wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23—30题，每题1分，共8分) 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Ebola Outbreak
1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.
2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.
3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifically ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable .
4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.
5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism（凝血机制），making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion（器官灌注），ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria （疟疾）are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.
A. Am I at risk of contracting the virus? 23 paragraph 2_______
B. Is the current outbreak the deadlines? 24 paragraph 3_______
C. How do I know if I have contracted the virus? 25 paragraph 4_______
D. What areas are currently affected? 26 paragraph 5_______
E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body? F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?
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27 The initial Ebola outbreak was found in _______.
28 The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in _______.
29 The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear _______ 30 The Ebola virus transmits by contact with _______.
A. infected body fluids
B. against the outbreak severity C. the mode of transmission
D. the initial days of being infected E. three countries in West Africa F. within a wide range of days
第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 Ear Breakthrough
New research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people．
The latest research, conducted by Dr． Jorg T． Albet, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, together with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory（感觉的）cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates（脊椎动物）including humans． The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works．
Dr．Albert says．\biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing．We may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic（机械学的）similarities extend further down to the genes and molecules that bring about hearing．But even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and –what is sometimes even more important -will surely help us ask the right questions．\
The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK, the country’s only medical research charity for deaf people．Vivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UK．says,\of the genetics of deafness．
The charity will continue to support culling-edge（尖端的）research through its Fellowship programme at the UCI．Ear institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of securing audical improvements in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of all forms of hearing impairment\
There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as \．The cells can be images and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and,
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