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2.1. ÄÚÁª
ÄÚÁªÊÇC++ÖÐÒ»ÖÖÌØÊâµÄÓïÑÔ»úÖÆ£¬Ê¹ÓÃinlineÀ´±êʶ¡£C++ÔÚ±àÒëinline±êʶµÄº¯Êýʱ£¬½«¸ù¾ÝÌض¨µÄ¹æÔò½«inlineº¯ÊýµÄ´úÂëÖ±½Ó²åÈëµ½inlineº¯ÊýµÄµ÷ÓÃλÖã¬ÒÔ´ËÀ´Ìá¸ß³ÌÐòµÄÔËÐÐЧÂÊ£¬µ«Í¬Ê±Ò²ÔÚÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉϵ¼ÖÂÁË´úÂëµÄÅòÕÍ¡£Çë¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º
inlineÈ«¾Öº¯Êý
inline void max{?};
inline³ÉÔ±º¯Êý class A{
public:
inline void max{?}; }
2.2. º¯Êý¶ÔÏó
º¯Êý¶ÔÏ󣬾ÍÊÇÖØÔØÁËoperator()²Ù×÷·ûµÄ¶ÔÏó¡£Ïà¶Ôº¯ÊýÖ¸Õ룬º¯Êý¶ÔÏó¿ÉÒÔ¾ßÓÐ״̬£¬¸ü°²È«£¬¸üÁé»î£¬»ù±¾Ã»ÓжîÍâµÄ¿ªÏú¡£ÔÚSTLÖУ¬º¯Êý¶ÔÏó¾³£±»ÓÃ×÷Ëã·¨µÄÊäÈë²ÎÊý»òÈÝÆ÷µÄʵÀý»¯µÄ²ÎÊý¡£Çë¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º
¶¨Ò庯Êý¶ÔÏóÀà classs LessThan{
public:
LessThan(int val): m_val(val){}
bool operator()(int val){return m_val < val;} private: int m_val; };
¶¨Ò庯Êý¶ÔÏó
LessThan less(5);
µ÷Óö¨Ò庯Êý¶ÔÏó
less(10);//·µ»ØΪtrue 2.3. º¯ÊýÄ£°å
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¶¨ÒåÇóÈ¡Á½¸öÀàÐ͵ÄÖµ»ò¶ÔÏóµÄ×î´óÖµµÄ²Ù×÷
template
T max(T a,T b){return a>b ? a : b;} ÇóÈ¡Á½¸öintÖµµÄ×î´óÖµ max(0,10);//·µ»Ø10
ÇóÈ¡Á½¸östring¶ÔÏóµÄ×î´óÖµ
max(string(¡°Hello¡±),string(¡°world¡±));//·µ»Østring(¡°world¡±) 2.4. ÀàÄ£°å
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¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öͨÓöÑÕ»Stack template
public:
inline void push(const T& value){?} T pop(){?}
void clear(){?}
bool empty() const {?} };
ÉùÃ÷Ò»¸öintÀàÐ͵ÄStack typdef Stack
3£® µü´úÆ÷
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input-iterator
output-iteartor
forward-iterator:output-iteartor , input-iterator bidirectional-access-iterator : forward-iterator
random-access-iterator:bidirectional-access-iterator
ͼһ µü´úÆ÷¹Øϵͼ
3.1. ÊäÈëµü´úÆ÷
ÊäÈëµü´úÆ÷Ò²¿ÉÒÔ³Æ֮ΪǰÏòµÄÖ»¶Á·ÃÎÊÆ÷£¬Ê×ÏÈËüÌṩÁ˶ÔÈÝÆ÷µÄÖ»¶Á·ÃÎÊ£¬Æä´ÎËüÖ»ÄÜÔÚÈÝÆ÷ÖнøÐÐÇ°Ïòµü´ú£¨¼´Ö»Ìṩ++²Ù×÷£©¡£ËùÓеÄÈÝÆ÷µÄµü´úÆ÷¶¼¾ßÓÐÊäÈëµü´úÆ÷µÄÌØÕ÷¡£Í¨¹ýÊäÈëµü´úÆ÷Äã¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐÏÂÃæÈýÖÖ²Ù×÷£º
1.V = *X++ 2.V = *X,X++
3.V = *X,++X
×¢£ºVΪֵ£¬XΪµü´úÆ÷
3.2. Êä³öµü´úÆ÷
Êä³öµü´úÆ÷Ò²¿ÉÒÔ³Æ֮ΪǰÏòµÄֻд·ÃÎÊÆ÷£¬Ê×ÏÈËüÌṩÁ˶ÔÈÝÆ÷µÄֻд·ÃÎÊ£¬Æä´ÎËüÖ»ÄÜÔÚÈÝÆ÷ÖнøÐÐÇ°Ïòµü´ú£¨¼´Ö»Ìṩ++²Ù×÷£©¡£Í¨¹ýÊä³öµü´úÆ÷Äã¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐÏÂÃæÈýÖÖ²Ù×÷£º
1.*X++ = V 2.*X = V, X++
3.*X = V, ++X
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3.3. Ç°Ïòµü´úÆ÷
Ç°Ïòµü´úÆ÷¼Ì³Ð×ÔÊäÈëºÍÊä³öµü´úÆ÷£¬Òò´Ë¾ßÓÐÊäÈëºÍÊä³öµü´úÆ÷µÄËùÓÐÌØÕ÷£¬Ò²¼´Ìṩ¶ÔÈÝÆ÷Êý¾Ý½á¹¹µÄ¶Áд·ÃÎʵ«Ò²Ö»¾ßÓÐÇ°Ïòµü´úµÄÄÜÁ¦£¨¼´Ö»Ìṩ++²Ù×÷£©¡£Òò´Ë£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ¶ÔÇ°Ïòµü´úÆ÷½øÐвÙ×÷£ºR == S /++R == ++S¡£ Çë¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º
¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öÀûÓÃÇ°Ïòµü´úÆ÷½øÐÐÏßÐÔ²éÕÒµÄËã·¨
template
{
for (; first != last; ++first){
if (*first == value) return first; }
return last; }
²âÊÔ
int ia[] = {35,3,23};
vector
vector
std::cout << \else
std::cout << \²âÊÔ½á¹ûΪ£ºNot Found
3.4. Ë«Ïò´æÈ¡µü´úÆ÷
Ë«Ïò´æÈ¡µü´úÆ÷´ÓÇ°Ïòµü´úÆ÷¼Ì³Ð¹ýÀ´£¬Òò¶ø¾ßÓÐÇ°Ïòµü´úÆ÷µÄËùÓÐÌØÕ÷£¬Ë«Ïò´æÈ¡µü´úÆ÷»¹¾ßÓкóÏò·ÃÎÊÄÜÁ¦£¨¼´Ö»Ìṩ--²Ù×÷£©¡£Çë¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º ¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öÀûÓÃË«Ïòµü´úÆ÷ÅÅÐòËã·¨
template
first,ForwardIterator
void sort_me(BidirectionalIterator first,BidirectionalIterator last,Compare comp)
{
for(BidirectionalIterator i = first; i != last; ++i) {
BidirectionalIterator _last = last; while(i != _last--) {
if (comp(*i,*_last)) iter_swap(i,_last); } } } ²âÊÔ
int ia[] = {123,343,12,100,343,5,5}; vector
sort_me(vec.begin(),vec.end(),less
copy(vec.begin(),vec.end(),ostream_iterator
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1.operator+(int)
2.operator+=(int) 3.operator-(int)
4.operator-=(int) 5.operator[](int)
6.operator-(random-access-iterator) 7.operator>(random-access-iterator) 8.operator<(random-access-iterator) 9.operator>=(random-access-iterator) 10.operator<=(random-access-iterator)
ÔÚSTLÖУ¬Ëæ»ú´æÈ¡Ë«Ïòµü´úÆ÷Ö»ÄÜ×÷ÓÃÓÚ˳ÐòÈÝÆ÷¡£Çë¿´ÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó£º ²âÊÔÊä³övectorÀïÃæµÄÊý¾Ý
int ia[] = {123,343,12,100,343,5,5}; vector
for(int i = 0; i < vec.size(); ++i) std::cout << vec[i] << \²âÊÔ½á¹ûΪ£º123 343 12 100 343 5 5
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