发布时间 : 星期二 文章英文论文Introduction的写作技巧-2015-0126更新完毕开始阅读1f97b10ca0116c175f0e48cb
主要句型有：
句型1：用表示否定意义的词例little，few，no或none of+名词作主语。如：例 a．Little information／attention／work／research? b．Few studies／investigations／researchers／attempts? c．No studies／data／calculations?
d．None of these studies／findings／calculations? 注意：
(1)little后面的名词是不可数名词，而few后面是可数名词，而且是复数形式。
(2)no后面直接用名词(可数或不可数名词)，表示泛指，“到目前为止还没有??”的意思，而none of后用指示代词these，those(或定冠词the)+名词，表示“在特定的范围中还没有??”的意思。也就是说，在上文所提到过的那些研究中，还没有解决某一问题，由此来暗示知识的空白部分。
下面举几个表示否定意义的例子。
a. Unfortunately, few educational opportunities exit to teach farmers and rural homeowners effective water supply management.
b. There have been few specific reports in the literature of oak and hickory decline.
c. There is, however, little qualitative information regarding purple loosestrife vegetative reproduction.
d. However, there exists little research on science fair projects. 句型2:里表示对照的句型。如:例
a. The research has tended to focus on…, rather than on… b. These studies have emphasized…, as opposed to…
c. Although considerable research has been devoted to…, rather less attention has been paid to… d. Although there is much hope that three-dimensional coupled models will lead to better understanding of the factors that control hurricane intensity and to increased reliability of hurricane intensity forecasts, the present generation of models may not have enough horizontal resolution to capture the full intensity of extreme storms. 句型3：提出问题或假设。如：例 a. However, it remains unclear whether… b. It would thus be of interest to learn how…
c. If these results could be confirmed, they would provide strong evidence for … d. These findings suggest that this treatment might not be so effective when applied to… e. It would seem, therefore, that further investigations are needed in order to…
指出或暗示了知识领域里的空白，或提出了问题或假设之后，下一步理所当然应该告诉读者本研究的目的和内容，要解决哪些问题，以填补上述空白，或者证明所提出的假设。 此部分常见的句型请参见如何写摘要中的目的部分。这里只略举几例。例： a. The aim of the present paper is to give … b. This paper reports on the results obtained… c. In this paper we give preliminary results for…
d. The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to… e. This study was designed to evaluate…
f. The present work extends the use of the last model by… g. We now report the interaction between… h. The primary focus of this paper is on… i．The aim of this investigation was to test?
j．It is the purpose of the present paper to provide?
从暗示知识的空白到本研究的目的与内容一般需要用一些过渡词，以提示一下读者。如上面这些例句中，用了this paper，here，the present work，now，this investigation，the present paper等词或词组。为了引起读者的注意，这些词或词组一般放在句首。例
?The fate of these sections is not clear. In this study we asked the questions: Do shoot sections remain viable and, if so, are they capable of further growth? We also examined the effect of habitat history and section length on survivorship.
如果一项研究、一篇论文不止一个目的，应该按目的的主次排列顺序，并用连接词或词组。例
The present work extends the use of the last model to asymmetric, body-vortex cases, thus increasing the range of flow patterns that can be investigated. In addition, an effort is made to improve the numerical procedure to accelerate the convergence of the iterative solution and to get a better rollup of the vortex lines representing the wake.
常见的连接词还有additionally, in addition to this, besides this, also, not only?but also?, further, furthermore, moreover 等
4 如何写引言的结尾
研究目的完全可以作为引言的结尾。也可以简单介绍一下文章的结构及每一部分的主要内容，从而起到画龙点睛的作用，使读者了解文章的轮廓和脉络。
至于研究结果，在引言中完全可以不写。研究结果是结论部分最主要的组成部分。下例是引言的结尾，介绍文章的结构。例
?Before examining in detail the optimum control strategy for the drivetrain（动力传动系统）, Section 2 defines the hybrid arrangement under study. A description of the optimization process using an appropriate cost function is then presented in Section 3 followed by a method of translating the resulting control structure into a sub-optimum algorithm capable of being implemented in real time. Using the optimum control structure the effect of component ratings on the vehicle's performance is evaluated in Section 4, while Section 5 discusses the practical implementation of an overall vehicle control algorithm. Finally, in Section 6, an indication of the vehicle's potential for substituting petroleum fuel by electricity is given.
在介绍全文的结构时，要避免使用同一个句型结构，如，Sections l describes?Section2 analyses?Section3 discusses?Section 4 summarizes?这样，每句话用同样的词开头，句型结构显得单调、枯燥乏味。