暑假九年级讲义四动词分类 联系客服

发布时间 : 星期六 文章暑假九年级讲义四动词分类更新完毕开始阅读1bfd3e9d3b3567ec112d8a7c

一 诊断性检测

讲义四 动词分类

1.—Will you stay for some more days?

—Sorry, I_____. My mother called to ask me to go back at once. A. mustn’t A. can’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. wouldn’t

D. have to D. can D. can be cleaned 2. You ______ wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.

B. shouldn’t

C. mustn’t

3. — Who’s singing in the next room? — It ____ be her . She has gone to New York. A. can’t A. may clean

A. sounds

B. must B. must clean

C. shouldn’t C. need be cleaned

4.— Must we clean the classroom now? — No, you needn't. It _____ after school. 5. Mum, this kind of fruit nice. I’d like to taste one.

B. smells C. look D. feel

6. —The flowers in Hekou ___ beautiful in May.—Yes, many tourists come to watch them every year.

A. sound B. listen C. taste D.look 7. My sister _____ her cat yesterday, but she didn’t ________ it. A.found; look for B.looked; found C.looked for; find 8. Could you please _______ us an interesting story? A.speak B.tell C.say

9. —How long may I ________ the book?—Just one day, I will return it to Mary tomorrow. A.keep B.borrow C.lend D.kept 10.. Would you please _______ the radio a little bit? It’s too loud.

A.turn on B.turn up C.turn off D.turn down

二、知识讲解

知识点1:动词的概况 1)定义:动词是表示动作和状态的词,用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词。

如:The boy runs fast.(这个男孩跑得快。)runs表示主语的行为 He is a boy.(他是个男孩。)is与后面的表语a boy表示主语的状态

2)分类:动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词(也称实义动词,分及物动词和不及物动词,瞬间性动词和持续性动词)、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。 知识点2:中考动词分类的考查点 A.实义动词

1)概况:实义动词 (行为动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。

如:I live in Beijing with my mother.(我和我妈妈住在北京。)live,住 It has a round face.(它有一张圆脸。)has,有

1

2)及物动词和不及物动词

实义动词按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。 a.及物动词: 及物动词后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整。 如:Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)

If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手,。) b.不及物动词: 不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,常须加了介词后方能加宾语。

如:He works hard.(他工作努力。)Jack jruns faster than Mike.杰克跑步比迈克要快些。 Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.请看黑板,听我说。 【易错点】

1).常见的不及物动词

happen,arrive,rise,appear ,come ,go ,die ,lie ,fall ,stand(站), ,remain ,rest,seem ,stay,walk. 一般来讲,不及物动词无被动语态

如:The price has been risen. (×) The price has risen. (√)

The accident was happened last week. (×) The accident happened last week. (√) 2).在及物动词+副词 构成动副搭配时,名词可以放在副词的前面或后面,但代词必须放中间。 如:turn on: turn on the radio(√) turn the radio on(√) turn on it(×) turn it on(√)

常见的动副搭配的词组有:put on, pick up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等。

3).有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语(表物)和间接宾语(表人),间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前,若颠倒两者的位置,则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词(to或for)。 (1)与介词for 连用的词:draw sth. for sb. make sth. for sb. mend sth. for sb. buy sth. for sb. get sth. for sb. cook sth. for sb. keep sth. for sb. return sth. for sb.

(2) 与介词to 连用的词: pass sth. to sb. give sth. to sb.lend sth. to sb show sth. to sb. bring sth. to sb.

take sth. to sb. write sth. to sb. send sth. to sb. 3)持续动词与瞬间动词 英语的实义动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。

a.持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。 瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。 b、用法

1)以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束。

如:He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。)

2)【易错点】持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。

2

如:His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。 My mother has lain in bde for 3 days.我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。

c、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换.

如:He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joined She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got up 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:

1、go——be away 2、come—be here 3、come back—be back 4、leave—be away(be not here)

5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep 7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on 9、finish—be over 10、open—be open 11、close—be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated

17、join——be in或be a?member 18、become——be 3)【易错点】瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 如:I haven’t seen you for a long time.好久没见到你了。 B.系动词

1)概况:系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。

如:We are in Grade Two this year.(今年我们在两年级。)are,是are 这个词的词义“是”在句子中常常不译出。 2)分类

a、表示“是”的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/has been等要特别予以注意。

如:He is a teacher.(他是个教师。)He was a soldier two years ago.(两年前他是个士兵。) b、表示“感觉”的词,如look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等。

如:She looked tired.(她看一去很疲劳。)I feel ill.(我觉得不舒服。)

Cotton feels soft.(棉花摸起来很软。)The story sounds interesting.(这个故事听起来很有趣。) The flowers smell sweet.(这些花闻起来很香。)The mixture tasted horrible.(这药水太难喝了。)

c、表示“变”、“变成”的意思的词,如become, get, grow, turn, 都解释为“变”、“变得”。 如:She became a college student.(她成了一名大学生。)

He feels sick. His face turns white.(他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了)。

【易错点】注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。 (1)、look看;看起来。

如:He is looking at the picture.(他正在看这图片。)行为动词It looks beautiful.(它看上去很美丽。)连系动词

3

(2)、fell摸;感觉。

如:I felt someone touch my arm.(我感到有人碰我的手臂。)行为动词

Are you felling better today than before?(你今天比以前感到好些了吗?)连系动词 (3)、smell嗅;闻起来。

如:My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it. (我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。)行为动词

Great! The flowers smell nice.(这些花闻起来多香啊!)连系动词 (4)、sound弄响,发音;听起来。

如:The letter “h” in hour is not sounded.(在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。)行为动词

The gun sounded much closer.(枪声听起来更近了。)连系动词 (5)、taste辨味;尝起来。

如:Please taste the soup.(请尝一口汤。)行为动词

The soup tastes terrible.(这汤尝起来味道太差了。)连系动词 (6)、get得到,获得;变。

如:There are some bananas on the table. Each of you can get one. (桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。)行为动词 (7)、grow生长,种植;变。

如:Do you grow rice in your country?(你们的国家种水稻吗?)行为动词 It’s too late. It’s growing dark.(太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。)连系动词 (8)、turn转动,翻动,使变得;变

如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕着太阳转。)行为动词

When spring comes, the trees turn green and the flowers come out.(春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。)连系动词 C.助动词

这类词本身无词义,用来帮助完成句型句式的词,本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词 一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定和疑问。

如:He does not speak English well.(他英语讲得不好。)句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否定形式。

如: A dog is running after a cat.(一条狗正在追逐一只猫。)句中的is 是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。

Did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?(他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?)句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。 D.情态动词 一.情态动词概况

情态动词又叫情态助动词。它们具有以下特点: ⑴ 它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形

4