发布时间 : 星期一 文章现在完成时更新完毕开始阅读1a7c9f4c19e8b8f67d1cb9a4
现在完成时(Present perfect tense)
现在完成时的构成形式：现在完成时由助动词have / has +过去分词构成。 (一) 现在完成时的基本用法：
1. 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
e.g. I have finished my work. We have set up many new factories. 2. 动作发生在过去, 强调对现在的结果、影响等。 e.g. Have you ever seen the film ―Harry Potter‖? I’ve borrowed that book.
3. 表示动作发生在过去, 并且一直持续到现在, 甚至还可能继续下去, 句中使用持续性动词, 且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。 e.g. We haven’t seen each other for ten years.
I’ve been an English teacher for about 20 years.
4. 现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中, 表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。
e.g. I’ll go home as soon as I have finished my homework.
Please lend me that book if you have finished reading it. (二) 使用现在完成时的句型
1) 现在完成时+since + 点时间状语(名词、短语、从句, 其中从句用一般过去时) 2) 现在完成时+ for+ 段时间状语
3) It / This is the first /其他序数词/ last time + that 从句中, 从句使用现在完成时。 ★ 注意: 在下面的句子中, 主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时： It is three years since I began to work on the farm. It’s a long time since I saw you last.
4)This / It is (one of) + 形容词最高级 + n. + that从句，从句用现在完成时，如： This is the most gorgeous architecture that I have ever seen. (三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响, 强调的是现在的情况, 所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用; 一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过, 与现在不发生联系, 它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。
He has read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容) He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书) He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地, 在美国) He went to America. (只说明他去过美国)
1. John lived in Paris for 3 years. 2. John has lived in Paris for 3 years.
这两个句子中都有时间状语for 3 years，但却使用了不同的时态。句1表示过去的动作（居住）在过去延续了多长时间（三年），live这一动作和现在没有关系，故用一般过去时；句2表示从过去开始的动作（居住）延续至今，甚至还可能继续持续下去，故用现在完成时。 (四) 终止性动词与延续性动词：
1. 终止性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常用的动
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词有: come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, reach, get, get up , join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die 等。 表示短暂意义的（短语）动词的现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，需要用相应的表示延续状态的（短语）动词替换，常见的有：leave → be away, borrow → keep, buy → have, begin / start → be on, die → be dead, move to → live in, finish / end → be over, join → be in / be a member of, fall ill / asleep → be ill / asleep, get up → be up, catch a cold → have a cold, marry → be married, come / arrive here → be here。
表示短暂意义的动词的完成时的否定式可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ivan has not come to school for two days.
2. 延续性动词: 表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常用的动词有: live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, eat, run等。 I. 单选填空
1. Up to now, the program _____ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
2. – I’m sorry, but I don’t quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
– Sorry, I _____ myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn’t made B. wouldn’t make C. don’t make D. haven’t made 3. – When shall we restart our business? – Not until we _____ our plan．
A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished 4. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _____ safely. A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 5. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _____ on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes
6. For many years, people _____ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of II. Complete the conversation. Mike: Hi, Kate. Kate: Hi, Mike.
Mike: I haven’t seen your brother around for a long time. _____ he ______ (move) to a new neighborhood?
Kate: No, he ______ ______ (move) to a new country! He ____ _____ (be) in Australia ______ last year.
Mike: Australia! That’s great country. ______ you ever _____ (be) there?
Kate: No, I _____ never ______ (be) there, but I _____ ________ (decide) to go later this year.
Mike: Great! _____ your brother ____ (send) you any photos _____ he moved there? Kate: Yes, in fact, I _____ just ________ (receive) some. Here they are. This is his new house. He ____ recently _______ (finish) decorating it. III. Complete the sentences.
1. This is the first time that ______________ (我参观这个动物园).
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2. I ______________ (我从未见过) such a high building. 3. ______________ (你去过) the Summer Palace?
4. Jim ______________ (离开家) for two and a half years. IV. 根据括号内所给的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. Andrew ________________ (和我联系) as soon as he arrived.
2. It’s traditional for the two teams to ________________ (交换球衣) after the game. 3. They walked to the hospital because they ________________ (坐不起出租车) . 4. The front passengers were lucky to ________________ (幸免于难). 5. Mary tried to catch a butterfly, but it ________________ (摆脱了) her. 6. Prices of fruit and vegetables ________________ (已经上涨了). V. 用适当的介词填空。
1. He lives ________ the suburb of Beijing and works in the city. 2. John was putting ________ a new fence at his home. 3. We will have a holiday ________ the south of France. 4. My office is ________ the second floor.
5. The shirt is made ________ silk and feels soft. 6. You can use that glass ________ a vase.
7. Could you tell me what the climate there is ________? VI.短文改错
I’ve been playing baseball for six year and I’m the only girl on an all-boys baseball team. Our strict coach wants us do our best when we are playing. So it’s not always about winning. He also tells us to just smile and enjoyed ourselves. I take his advice and bring them to my game. Some people say girls can’t play baseball. Hear that doesn’t get me mad. Instead, it makes me play more harder. I want to be knew for being a good player, not just for being the only girl on the team. If you’re a girl who want to play ball, just play you heart out!
如何写社区调查报告
【写作任务】
假设你是某英文网站的特约记者，最近你对位于市南郊的兰亭社区进行了调查。请根据所给表格中的调查信息用英语写一篇题为A Report on Lanting Community的调查报告。 名称 位置 户数 专业人才 人口数量 6,000 工人 学生
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兰亭社区 市南郊 1,800 3,040 860 1,100 退休人员 居住区（resident area） 20幢公寓大楼 便民区（service area） 1,000 1家超市，1家诊所，一家银行，1所邮局，8家小型饭店，十几家小商店 构成 休闲区（recreation 1个活动中心，1座公园，1个人工湖（artificial area） 邻里关系 邻里友好，相互帮助 注意：1. 词数100左右（标题已给出，但不计入总词数）； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 A Report on Lanting Community
____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 【写作指导】 1. 审题定调：
该篇写作体裁属于调查报告。调查报告是对某一个地方、某一事件、某一人物、某一问题等，经过深入细致的调查研究后所写出的能真实反映实际情况的书面报告。
2. 确定主体内容：
就本篇写作而言，全文可分两段：第一段：点明调查时间及对象；
第二段：说明调查结果———社区状况（包括户数、人口数量、构成、职业及邻里关系等）。
3. 确定人称、时态：调查报告中人称用第三人称；主要使用一般现在时。 4. 常用表达：
★描写地理位置：be located in, lie in the south of ..., cover an area of ... square kilometers, be surrounded by ...
★描写社区状况：there be ..., including ..., be divided into ..., be made up of, be shaped like ..., take on a new look, the total population is ..., the number of adults in employment is ..., health-care facilities ...
★描写社区建筑物：apartment building, public library, park, artificial lake, clinic ... 【参考范文】
A Report on Lanting Community
Recently I made a survey of Lanting Community located in the south suburb. The result is as follows:
In this community, the resident area is made up of 20 apartment buildings with about 6,000 people in 1,800 households. Among them there are 3,040 professional people, 860 workers, 1,100 students and 1,000 retired workers. There are 1 super market, 1 clinic, 1 bank, 1 post office, 8 small restaurants, and more than 10 shops in the service area. The recreation area includes an activity centre, a gorgeous park and an artificial lake, etc. What impressed me most is that people living there are all friendly and helpful.
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lake）