发布时间 : 星期五 文章合同法第二次重述[中英文]更新完毕开始阅读191764c79ec3d5bbfd0a7411
(1) There is no manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange if the parties attach materially different meanings to their manifestations and
(a) neither party knows or has reason to know the meaning attached by the other; or
(b) each party knows or each party has reason to know the meaning attached by the other.
(2) The manifestations of the parties are operative in accordance with the meaning attached to them by one of the parties if
(a) that party does not know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other knows the meaning attached by the first party; or
(b) that party has no reason to know of any different meaning attached by the other, and the other has reason to know the meaning attached by the first party.
§20. 误解的效力
(1) 如果当事人就他们的意思表示赋予了实质上不同的理解，并且有如下情况 存在时，则表明他们就磋商的交换没有达成一致：
(a) 双方当事人任一方都不知道或没有理由知道对方的意思表示所赋予的含义； 或
(b) 任一当事方知道或有理由知道对方的意思表示所赋予的含义。
(2)一方当事人可以依据该意思表示所指的含义执行该意思表示，如果
(a) 该当事人不知道另一方当事人所指的不同含义，而另一方当事人知道第一方 当事人所指的含义。 (b) 该当事人没有理由知道另一方当事人所指的不同含义， 而另一方当事人有理由知道第一方当事人所指的含义。 §21. INTENTION TO BE LEGALLY BOUND
Neither real nor apparent intention that a promise be legally binding is essential to the formation of a contract, but a manifestation of intention that a promise shall not affect legal relations may prevent the formation of a contract.
§21. 具有法律拘束力的意图
当事人有关允诺具有法律拘束力的意图无论是真实的还是表面的，对于合同的 缔结并不重要，但是如果当事人作出允诺并不影响当事人法律关系的意思表示， 则当事人之间的合同并不成立。
§22. Mode of Assent: Offer and Acceptance
(1) The manifestation of mutual assent to an exchange ordinarily takes the form of an offer or proposal by one party followed by an acceptance by the other party or parties.
(2) A manifestation of mutual assent may be made even though neither offer nor acceptance can be identified and even though the moment of formation cannot be determined. §22. 合意的模式： 要约与承诺
(1) 双方当事人就交换达成合意的意思表示通常是由一方当事人提出要约或提 议，然后由另一方当事人或另一方多数当事人作出承诺。
(2) 即使要约和承诺都无法被识别，并且合同成立的时间也无法确定，双方当 事人也可以作出合意的意思表示。
§23. Necessity That Manifestation Have Reference to Each Other
It is essential to a bargain that each party manifest assent with reference to the manifestation of the other. §23. 作出意思表示应相互参考的必要性
任何当事人作出意思表示都应参考对方的意思表示，这一点对交易磋商很重要。
TOPIC 3. MAKING OF OFFERS 主题三 要约的发出
§24. Offer Defined
An offer is the manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain, so made a s to justify another person in understanding that his assent to that bargain is i nvited and will conclude it.
§24. 要约的定义 要约就是以交易磋商为目的而为意思表示，使得他人合理地认为该意思表示被
邀请并且该交易将要进行。
§25. Option Contracts
An option contract is a promise which meets the requirements for the formation of a contract and limits the promisor’s power to revoke an offer. §25. 选择权合同 如果一个允诺符合了订立合同的条件，并且限制允诺人撤回要约，则该允诺即 构成选择权合同。
§26. Preliminary Negotiations
A manifestation of willingness to enter into a bargain is not an offer if the person to whom it is addressed knows or has reason to know that the person making it does not intend to conclude a bargain until he has made a further manifestation of assent.
§26. 订约前之商议 如果意思表示所指向的人知道或有理由知道作出意思表示的当事人在作出进一
步的意思表示之前并没有意图达成交易，则该以缔结合同为目的的意思表示并 不属于要约。 §27.Existence of Contract Where Memorial is contemplated Manifestations of assent that are in themselves sufficient to conclude a contract will not be prevented from so operating by the fact that the parties also manifest an intention to prepare an adopt a written thereof; but the circumstances may show that the agreements are preliminary negotiations. §27. 在意图制作记录情况下合同的存在 双方当事人作出意思表示要采用书面 方式缔结合同这一事实，并不影响当事人已经作出的足以导致合同缔结的意思 表示的执行；但是这种情况表明这些合意仍然属于订约前之商议。 §28.Auctions
(1) At an auction, unless a contrary intention is manifested,
(a) the auctioneer invites offers from successive bidders which he may accept or reject;
(b) when goods are put up without reserve, the auctioneer makes an offer to sell at any price bid by the highest bidder, and after the auctioneer calls for id the goods cannot be withdrawn unless no bid is made within a reasonable
time;
(c) whether or not the auction is without reserve, a bidder may withdraw his bid until the auctioneer’s announcement of completion of the sale, but a bidder’s retraction does not revieve any previous bid.
(2) Unless a contrary intention is manifested, bids at an auction embody terms made known by advertisement, posting or other publication of which bidders are or should be aware, as modified by announcement made by the auctioneer when the goods are put up.
§28. 拍卖
(1) 在拍卖时，除非有相反的意思表示，
(a) 拍卖人向所有连续的出价人发出要约邀请，出价人可以承诺或拒绝；
(b) 如果拍卖标的实行无保留低价拍卖，则拍卖人应发出要约，将拍卖标的以 任何价格卖给出价最高者，在拍卖人将标的拍卖后，拍卖人不得撤回其无保留 低价之拍卖标的，除非在合理的时间内无人竞买；
(c) 不管该拍卖是否是无保留低价之拍卖，竞买人可以在拍卖人宣布成交之前可 以撤回竞价，但是竞买人撤回竞价的行为不得使先前的出价生效。
(2) 除非有相反的意思表示，在拍卖标的时，竞买人的出价包含了竞买人知道 或应该知道的广告、海报或其他出版物所公布的条款，拍卖人在拍卖标的时可以 通过公告的方式对这些条款加以修改。 §29. To Whom an Offer is Addressed (1) The manifested intention of the offeror determines the person or persons in whom is created a power of acceptance.
(2) An offer may create a power of acceptance in a specified person or in one or more of a specified group or class of persons, acting separately or together, or in anyone or every one who makes a specified promise or renders a specified performance. §29. 要约所指向的对象
(1) 要约人的意思表示决定了有权作出承诺的人。
(2) 要约可以在一个明确的人或一个或多个明确的、单独或集体行动的群体或团 体之中，或者也可以在作出明确允诺或实施明确义务的任何人之中创设一种承 诺的权利。