发布时间 : 星期日 文章《公共管理专业英语》部分课文翻译更新完毕开始阅读0ece9701336c1eb91b375d05
1.Opening Administration to the Public
政务公开
Citizens of Bengbu City, Anhui Province, now have the opportunity to be a visitor at municipal government meetings, thanks to the government’s recent efforts to open its administration-adopting the Measures for Inviting Citizens to Listen to the Administrative Meeting, which came into effect on December 16, 2001.得益于2001年11月16日生效的政府最近实施的邀请市民旁听政府会议的行政事务公开改革措施,安徽省蚌埠市的市民现在有机会参加市政府会议。
Ten citizens are invited to be present at each meeting on administrative affairs. The number of citizen listeners invited to very important meeting can vary. The listeners can be deputies to the city’s people’s congress, members of the local committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, personages of democratic, members of the Association of Industry and Commerce and others. They must be at least 18 years of age, and willingly to be a visitor at the meeting.每次行政事务会议邀请10名市民参加。邀请参加重要会议的人数是可以变化的。这些旁听者可以是人大代表、政协委员、民主党派的要员、工商联代表及其他。他们要至少18岁，并且愿意参加会议。
Listeners can air their opinions through the government office in a written form.旁听者可以通过政府部门以书面形式发表他们的意见。 Increasing Transparency增加透明度
On the basis of pilot project carried out in some cities and countries, Guangdong Province has asked its governments at or above country level to open their administrative affairs during the first half of this year.在部分城市和农村的基础上，今年的上半年，广东省已要求村及村以上的政府行政事务都要公开。
All affairs relating to laws and regulations and to administrative decisions that people must follow, as long as they do not involve secrets of the Party or the Central Government, should be open to the public, Contents are as follows:所有有关法律、规章和公民必须遵循的政府决定，只要不涉及政党和中央政府的机密，都要向公众公开。具体内容如下：
-Strategy of social and economic development, work targets and their accomplishments;经济社会发展战略，工作目标和它们的完成情况；
-Process for making big decisions and policies;重大决策和政策的主动过程；
-Financial budgets and implementation;财政预算和执行情况；
-Distribution and use of special funds and purchase of important materials;专用基金的分配和重要物资的购买；
-Major capital construction projects and their bidding;主要基本建设计划和它们的招投标；
1
1
1
-Items of public welfare invested by the government;政府投资的公共福利项目；
-Projects examined and approved by the government and their accomplishments;政府审批的项目及完成情况；
-The accomplishments of work the government promised to do for the public;政府向公众承 事项的完成情况；
-Law enforcement in relation to the interests and rights of citizens, legal persons and organizations;有关公民、法人、组织权益的法律实施；
-Handing of major incidents; 重大事件的处理；
-Selecting and appointing officials, employing public servants and appraising of model workers, transferring workers and staff members in institutional reforms and other issues of public concern; 官员的选拔任用，公务员的录用，先进工作者的评价，员工调动的原则改革及公众关心的其他问题；
-Administrative functions and the official duties; 政府机构的职能和官员的职责；
-Working content, conditions, procedures and timetable as well as the result; 工作内容、条件、流程和时间以及工作效果；
-Working principles, commitment and the way to sue promise-breaching activities, as well as investigation results of the cases. 工作原则，承担义务、对违反应承担义务的起诉方法及调查结果；
Apart from opening administrative affairs to society, various departments of the Guangdong Provincial Government have been required to open their internal system construction, work operations and management, specifically the self-discipline of officials; income and expenditure of the department; management of the human resources, distribution of income to workers and staff members as well as their welfare treatment; and other issues.除了向社会公开行政事务，广东省已经要求各政府部门公开机关内部结构，工作运转方式和管理情况，特别是官员的自律情况；部门的收入和经费开支情况，工作人员的收入分配和他们的福利待遇，以及其它事项。
Knowing government administration is one of people’s fundamental rights, and the opening of administrative information has become an indispensable part in the government’s administration. In the meantime, opening government administration is also a main principle of the WTO, listed on most of its documents. After China’s entry into the WTO, it was required to be better in this field. China’s transformation of government functions lags behind that of its economic growth.了解政府的行政行为是公民基本权力之一，政务公开是政府的应尽的职责。公开行政信息是已经是政府管理中必不可少的部分。同时，政务公开也是WTO的一项主要原则，被列在WTO的大部分文件中。在中国加入WTO后，被要求在这方面做得更好。中国的政府职能转变落后于它的经济增长。
2
A fresh move the opening of government administration still needs improvement. Experts appealed to the state to place great importance on the issue by setting up special department to handle related affairs, and devising a law on opening government administrations.政务公开作为一项新举措仍需要改进。专家希望政府将其放在更重要位置，通过设置处理相关事务的专门部门，对政务公开进行立法。
Red-Title Document Open to the Public对公众公开红头文件
At the end of last year, the Beijing municipal government, located on Zhengyilu Road, placed a reception desk at the entrance of its west gate from Monday to Friday to receive citizens who come to the Beijing Municipal Government Bulletin. Since the bulletin opened to the public in early 2002, the telephone at the editorial office has kept ringing. Many of the calls come from Guangdong, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang provinces and Hong Kong SAR, inquiring about subscription procedures.在去年底，位于遵义路上的北京市政府，每周一到周五在其西大门入口处放置接待桌以接受市民来征订《北京市政府公告》。早在2002年政府公告向公众公开后，编辑部的电话就一直响着。许多电话来自广东、浙江、黑龙江和香港特区，来咨询征订程序。
The bulletin, which contains government regulations, administrative orders and decisions, is popularly known as a “red-title document” and is a mystery to most people, because it only reached leaders above bureau level in the past. 包括政府规章、行政命令和决定的公文过去常称为红头文件，对大多数人而言是神秘的，因为它过去只发到局级以上干部。
Wei Guiqin, director of the Beijing Huiyuan Law Office, is among the first to subscribe to the bulletin. “The public distribution of the bulletin helps us a lot in our job,” he said. 魏贵勤，北京惠元律师事务所所长，是第一批来征订公告的。他说：“公告的公开发行对我们的工作帮助很大。”
The government of many other provinces and cities have also opened their bulletins to the public, including Henan and Shanxi provinces, and cities such as Guangzhou, Wuhan, Qingdao and Yinchuan. The government of the bulletins are functionally the same as other official documents. 许多别的省市也已经向公众公布了公告，如河南、陕西，城市如广州、武汉、青岛和银川。政府公告与其它官方文件功能上是一样的。
Shanghai was the first city to open its bulletin to the public. Since the beginning of last year, the bulletins have been sent not only to major institutions and enterprises under the jurisdiction of the municipal government, but also to 100 selected newspaper and magazine booths, 50 postal zones 50 Xinhua bookstores, where citizens can get them for free. The bulletins have attracted the attention of many people, most of whom are lawyers and accountants. 上海是第一个向公众公布了公告的城市。自去年初，公告不仅通过市政府正常渠道发送到主要公共机构和企业，还发送到经挑选产生的100个报刊亭、50个邮政亭、50个新华书店，
3
在那里市民可以免费取得公告。公告已经引起许多公民的注意，其中大部分是律师和会计。
“Supermarket\政务超市
Five years ago, Huang Songji, a laid-off female employee in Nanjing, invesred 50000 yuan to set up a kindergarten. However, she was soon asked to close down, as she failed to follow relevant procedures. She sought assistance at the Supermarket of Administrative Affairs, and with guidance by the staff, Huang quickly obtained all necessary procedures. 五年前，黄松基，南京一名下岗女工，投资5 万元办了一个育儿园。然而，她很快被勒令关门，因为她没有履行相关手续。她在政务超市寻求帮助，在工作人员的帮助下，她很快办理了所有手续。
What is the Supermarket of Administrative Affairs and how effective is it? 什么是政务超市？它的效果如何？
The first supermarket was launched by the government of Xiaguan District, Nanjing City, in the residential communities of Xiaoshi and Rehenanlu on October 16, 2000. the government set up its offices in a big hall to handle various administrative affairs, including more than 40 services related to civil affairs, employment, municipal construction, economy, handing of complaints and law enforcement. It indeed has supermarket features of openness, efficiency and a variety of choice, hence the name, Supermarket of Administrative Affairs. Five other of residential quarters followed suit a year later. 第一个政务超市是2000年10月16日在南京下关区热河南路的小石居委会建立的。政府在一个大厅设置办公场所以解决多种行政事务，包括 种有关民政事务、劳动就业、市政建设、经济、投诉的处理和法律实施。它的确具有超市的开放、效率和多样化选择的特质，因此被称为政务超市。一年后另五个居民区的政务超市随之成立。
The supermarket practices a responsibility system to solve problems, and serve clients. In addition, supervision and feedback procedures have also been adopted. The system, which enables citizens to learn about government administrative affairs, contributes to the government’s effort to open administrative affairs. Sun Wei, a “supermarket” staff member, said that in the past, policies were locked in the office drawer. Now they are placed on the wall, clearly indicating problems and possible timelines for their solution. Furthermore, the telephone number to contact in cases of complaint against the behavior of “supermarket” employees is also available to the public. Employees subject to customer complaints are given three chances, and penalties include criticism the first time, bonus deduotion the second time, and dismissal the third time. 政务超市提供了一个解决问题、服务委托人的负责任的系统。另外，监督和反馈程序已经被采用。这个能够使公众了解政府行政事务的系统，归功于政府的政务公开。孙伟，一名“政务超市”的工作人员说，在过去政策是被锁在办公室的抽屉里。现在是挂在墙上，清楚地标明问题和解决这些问题的时间。更重要的是，针对政务超市工作人员的投诉电话是向公众
4