发布时间 : 星期二 文章广州中考宾语从句专题练习及讲解更新完毕开始阅读0e12a59d52ea551810a687a5
中考宾语从句专项讲解
宾语从句
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。
一. 宾语从句的定义及种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.(作及物动词的宾语)
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. (作及物动词的宾语) I am sure (that) he will succeed. (作形容词的宾语)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 Eg:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 2. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
①连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。 连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？
The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
②连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。 例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。 例如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo? Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
三. 宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。 如：I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
例如：He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
that 主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。 e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.
I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now. 宾语从句需要注意的一些点: 1. that 的省略： that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。
e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait. 以下情况下不能省略that
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。 eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better． B．当it作形式宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him． C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
D．当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 eg．Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
E. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 eg．I can’t tell him that his mother died..
F. 当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 2. 宾语从句的否定转移：
主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe/imagine/consider/expect/fancy等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。其反意疑问句一般与疑问句一致。
Eg：I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？
当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。
Eg：Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she? You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
if/whether if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：
e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain. Note: 只用whether的六种情况： 1. 在带to的动词不定式前
He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 2. 在介词后
I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing.
3. 直接与or not连用时
I don’t know whether or not they will come to help us. 4. 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中
We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week. 5. 宾语从句提前时只能用whether
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
6. 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether
①Whether he is right or wrong is a question.
②The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。 7. 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 难点： 1. 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词；
e.g. *I can’t see that what is over there. （应去掉that） 2. 从句中的语序为陈述语序；
e.g. *Do you know how old is she? (应改为：…how old she is) 3. 从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应。
e.g. *She didn’t tell me when she will come. (应改为：…when she would come) 4.转换：
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句可用疑问代词和疑问副词＋动词不定式替代，进行句型
上的转换。
e.g. I’ve no idea what we’re going to do next. = I’ve no idea what to do next.
Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? = Could you tell me how to get to the post office?
难点：宾语从句中的It 可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要. ②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it 这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.